Ten-year Impact Study on Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women Peace and Security in Peacekeeping

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Ten-year Impact Study on Implementation of
Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women
Peace and Security in Peacekeeping
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Context and Background

• Conduct of peacekeeping has changed as a result
  of resolution 1325
• The operational landscape has evolved in last 10
  years many more actors on the ground
• New mandates that present new opportunities for
  enhancing implementation of resolution 1325
• Study commissioned to mark 10th anniversary of
  resolution 1325
• First global review of impact of peacekeeping
  missions in advancing womens rights and gender
  equality in line with resolution 1325

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Study Methodology

• 12 peacekeeping and Special Political missions in
  11 countries participated in the Study
• A total of seven thematic issues relevant to
  resolution 1325 were reviewed
• Womens participation in peace negotiations,
  political participation, DDR, SSR, Legal and
  judicial reform, sexual and gender-based
  violence, protection of IDP and refugee women)
• Each mission reviewed five themes
• Cross-cutting issues were also reviewed,
  including
• Representation of women in peacekeeping,
  accountability of senior managers and role of
  gender advisers
• Standard Interview Guide was developed and
  facilitated consultations with national partners
  in government and civil society, and also UN
  staff
• Focus on peacekeeping activities whilst
  acknowledging role of other partners
• Recognition of long-term impact as work in
  progress

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Participation in Peace Negotiations

• Good Offices of SRSG
• Afghanistan, DRC, Darfur facilitated womens
  involvement in peace consultations
• Outreach to women not sufficiently inclusive
• Absence of a coherent overall strategy to
  mobilize womens participation
• Progress due to pressure from below, not
  deliberate push from above

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Participation in Political/Electoral Processes

• Constitutional reform quota guarantees
• Afghanistan (25), Burundi (30)
• Electoral Laws gender-sensitive provisions
• DRC Timor-Leste (25 quota in Electoral Law)
• Voting Process
• High rates of registration of women high voter
  turn-out among women specific outreach to women
  provision of electoral security for women voters
• Training support to women candidates
• Coaching of women candidates in Haiti training
  political candidates in Burundi, Liberia, DRC
• Capacity-building support to women elected
  officials is an outstanding challenge

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Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR)

• Eligibility criteria has generally tended to
  exclude women Liberia as exception
• Inconsistent application of gender and DDR
  standards
• Improved security for women in and around
  cantonment sites
• Access to reintegration support DRC, Burundi,
  Liberia
• Women not fairly considered in all phases of DDR
  process
• Lukewarm commitment of senior DDR staff to
  strengthen gender-sensitive approaches
• Women still not fairly considered in all phases
  of DDR process

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Security Sector Reform

• Increased representation of women in national
  security institutions between 12-20 in police
  service in Timor-Leste, Liberia, Sierra Leone,
  Kosovo higher than global average
• Adoption of gender policies for some security
  sector institutions Police in Liberia, Sierra
  Leone
• Important role modeling effect due to deployment
  of female peacekeepers example of Timor and
  Liberia
• Support for reform of security sector has not
  sufficiently addressed reform of institutional
  barriers to womens participation in this sector
• Widespread discrimination persists against women
  in national security sector institutions
• Sexual harassment and lack of challenging
  professional opportunities commonplace

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Legal and Judicial Reform

• Ratification of CEDAW in some countries with
  support of peacekeeping mission - Timor and
  Afghanistan
• Representation o f women in legal and judicial
  sector has increased in some cases Timor and
  Sierra Leone, though in overall terms women
  remain underrepresented
• Support for adoption of laws to protect womens
  rights in some cases, though implementation of
  laws remain a challenge
• Challenge of customary vs formal law in many
  cases Afghanistan, Sudan, Timor
• Conditions of women in corrections institutions
  generally poor

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Sexual and Gender-based Violence

• Progress
• Support for adoption of laws related to sexual
  and gender-based violence
• DRC, Liberia, Afghanistan, Timor-Leste
• Support for National Strategies to combat SGBV
• Liberia, Cote dIvoire, DRC
• Support for establishment of special police units
  to deal with SGBV
• VPU (Timor-Leste), FSU (Sierra Leone), WCPS
  (Liberia), Special Protection Cells /DIS (Chad),
  Haiti
• Deployment of Mixed Teams and Joint Protection
  Teams
• DRC, Darfur
• Challenges
• Sexual violence remains high in DRC, Liberia,
  Burundi, Darfur
• Enhancing peacekeeping strategies, whilst
  communicating limits of peacekeeping
• Lack of accurate data

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Protection of Women IDPs and Refugees

• Enhanced protection due to presence of
  peacekeepers
• Joint Protection Teams in DRC, Detachement
  Integre de Securite in Chad
• Presence of female humanitarian workers welcomed
  by women IDPs
• Coverage, consistency and effectiveness remains
  limited
• Limited empowerment of women IDPs
• Limited efforts to facilitate womens
  participation in camp governance committees

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Key Messages from Impact Review

• Huge potential of peacekeeping missions to
  influence agenda of womens rights and
  participation in peace processes
• The potential to engage local women in peace
  processes has not been sufficiently tapped by
  peacekeepers.
• Increasing womens representation in
  post-conflict institutions (political or
  security) is not enough. Capacity-building for
  women to enable them serve optimally and removal
  of institutional barriers that impede womens
  success is equally key
• Partnership with local women in post-conflict
  countries must expand beyond urban elites and
  engage women from diverse sectors of society who
  have been impacted by the conflict

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Key Messages cont.

• Senior managers must lead by example in
  demonstrating commitment to advancing womens
  rights in post-conflict countries.
• Policies, guidelines and training tools are all
  important tools to support gender mainstreaming
  and to enhance accountability
• Peacekeeping missions are only one among key
  players who can support implementation of
  resolution 1325 at the country level. Partnership
  is key to ensure sustainability
• Presence of women peacekeepers matters greatly
  male champions of gender equality are equally
  effective

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Looking Ahead The Next Decade

• Key Issues and Opportunities
• Keeping womens participation high on the agenda
  situating protection in wider context
• Clarifying niche and comparative advantage of
  peacekeeping missions within context of
  increasing number of actors UN Women as
  opportunity
• Opportunity to enhance accountability through use
  of monitoring indicators
• Expanding the availability of gender specialists
  within different peacekeeping components SSR,
  DDR
• Strengthening partnership strategy with Member
  States

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Forward-Looking Strategy

• Build on comparative advantage of peacekeeping
  missions
• Strengthen gender technical expertise in
  peacekeeping missions to facilitate gender
  mainstreaming
• Facilitate and support leadership role of local
  women in efforts to re-establish security and
  stability in post-conflict transitions
• Broaden and deepen support to women in
  post-conflict countries
• Emphasize capacity-building support to women in
  post-conflict institutions
• Engage partnership with women at all levels
  national and local
• Expand regional partnerships to advance
  implementation of resolution 1325

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