Experience with Combined Protection and Control IEDs

1
Experience with Combined Protection and Control
IEDs
Traditional panel with analogue relays and
traditional control
Modern panel with numerical multi-function relay
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2
Transfer of external complexity into the IED
Output Signals
Input Signals from Substation or from Internal
Functions
CFC Continuous Function Chart as per IEC 1131
Logic Elements (Gates, Timers, ...)
1
3
Transfer Time in the Production Workflow
Factory Test
Traditional workflow
sequential
Engineering
Assembly of products
Enhanced workflow
Assembly of products
parallel
Engineering
time
1
4
One Unique Feeder Data Base
One feeder, one IED!
Protection
R2R
Metering
Feeder data base
R2S
Control
SCM
Legend R2R relay-to-relay coms R2S
relay-to-subscriber coms

• Some 20000 IEDs and 600 coordinated control
  systems have been sold today, 60 of them use coms

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5
Accuracies of Instrument Transformers
n.a. instrument security factor
0.5 FS 1 FS
0.51) 11)
0.91) 1.81)
301) 601)
1) Further accuracies at 10 , 20, 50 and 100
full load

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6
Security and Dependability Aspects

1
7
Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay
performance
external adaptation
self adaptation
configuration
set points
algorithm
sampling
3
8
Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay
performance
51.1
51.2
51.1
51.2
release 51.2
52.1
52.2
- with 52.s closed full load of section 1
2 - with 52.s open only load of section 1 resp. 2
trip 52.1
trip 52.2
50
52.s
section 1
section 2
NC
52.3
52.4
Legend 51.1 normal sensitivity 51.2 increased
sensitivity
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9
Scope Boosts the Number of Set Points
busbar
Voltage
Local-Remote-ControlCommand/Feed back
Directional
Vlt
Vgt
fltgt
Lock out
Trip circuitsupervision
27
59
81O/U
Phase rotation
Motor control
86
74TC
33
47
HMI
Communication- modules RS232/485 Fiber IEC60870-
5-103 Profibus FMS

Breaker-- failure protection
Motor protection
??
IEgtgt
Igtgt
I2gt
IEgt, IEp
Ilt
Start up monitor
Igt, Ip
67N
67
Inrush- blocking
49
51
46
50N
51N
50BF
37
48
66/86
50
14
IEgtgt
Dirct. sens. Ground fault
IEgt, IEp
locked Rotor
Lock out
UEgt
IEEgtgt IEEgt
79M
Auto reclosing
50N
51N
S67N
S64
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10
Data Management
Relay operations
Set points
10000
1200
set Points
flags
300 faults p. a.
ca.
30000 km OHL
(fault rate 30 p. a.
system-wide
and 100 km)
ca.
5000
system-wide
relays
200
set Points
sub
20
4
set Points
flags
feeder
OH-Line
4
11
Ergonomic Design for Simplicity in Handling Relays
1. One HMI program for all Intelligent Electronic
Devices 2. Design according present style
guides ergonomic aspects, usability tests 3.
Function and application orientated structure
(configuration, settings, routing, measurements,
events, ...) 4. Reducing the number of setting
parameters advanced parameters (not directly
visible) functions without parameters
(acceptance ?) 6. Document management system
manual and on-line help
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12
Semi self-setting Relays
IDiff
I1
Fault current tolerance eFault

Actual c.t. tolerance
Load current tolerance eLoad

I1
ALFe / ALFN IN,c.t
parameter
Example 10P10, eload lt 5, eFault at k_ALFN 10
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13
Remnant Life Time of Protocols
Tr Bi - Rpa Tr 100 - 3/pa Trt 35 a
Legend Tr remnant life time Bi
installed base Rpa retrofitted relays p.a.
2000 2010
2020 2030
2035
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14
Exchangeable Communication Processors for
Investment Security
IEC 60870-5-103VDEW extensions
Profibus FMS Profibus DP IEC 61850-8-2
Ethernet IEC 61850-8 station bus to 2001 IEC
61850-9 process bus
DNP 3.0 Modbus
relay
com
R2S
Subscriber
R2R
com
Relay
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15
Communication Standard for Tele-protection
Purposes

• Tele-protection port separate from informative
  port for speed and security reasons
• DKE working group AK952.08
• Übertragungsprotokolle , binärer
  Informationsaustausch zwischen Selektivschutzeinri
  chtungen über einen Hilfskanal
• ( Transmission Protocols, binary data
  exchange between relays over communication
  channels)
• Scope
• standard allocation of signals for
• fix allocation of distance and earth fault
  tele-protection schemes
• Two modes
• synchronous
• asynchronous

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16
Small signal current transducer
C.t. equivalent circuit

• secondary current in mA range at full load
• good dynamic performance
• (at 2 1,41 IF,therm. saturation after 25 ms)
• precise
• (accuracy lt 0,2 above 50A)

to relay or IED
U2n 22,5 mV?i1/Ith,, In 50A
M Coupling inductance Lf Eddy inductance L
Coil inductance Rt Coil and conductor
resistance Ra Calibration resistance Z Load
impedance
Un2 150 mV
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17
Resistive voltage divider
primary termination
V1
relay meter
V2
V2
ground
scale primary VN/1.73 secondary 3,25 V/1.73
secondary termination
fixing panel
8
18
Experience with Novel Instrument Transducers

• Some 2-3 years operation experience
• Some 30 Relays in service using novel v.t.s
  c.t.s

1
19
Verification of Relay Performance Using Neural
Networks

• Relay must learn at the vendors test field
• Application test with a variety of fault
  conditions
• More practical the characteristic of their
  traditional counterpart
• CIGRE final report Analysis and Guidelines For
  Testing Numerical Protection Schemes-March 2000
• Failure analysis may make relay engineer feel
  uncomfortable

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