Social Studies 8

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Social Studies 8

• The Humanist Worldview

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Thinkers and Society

• Inquiry Question 2 How can thinkers and
  philosophers bring about change in a society?

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Thinkers and Society

• Thus far in this chapter we have learned how
  ideas from classical times were reborn during
  the Renaissance. These ideas then formed the
  basis for the Humanist worldview that emphasized
  the role of individuals.

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Thinkers and Society

• List some people who you think affect thinking in
  our society today.
• They could be politicians, activists, writers,
  artists, and film makers.
• What means do they use to get their message
  across?

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Thinkers and Society

• Renaissance thinkers were considered to be
  intellectual leaders and were found in many
  different occupations.
• Scholars, philosophers, teachers, public
  officials, writers, scientists, architects,
  artists, and musicians.
• These positions gave them influence

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Donatello (1386-1466) Donatello was a great
Italian sculptor, who was born in Florence,
Italy, in 1386, and died at the age of 80 in
1466. He did not marry and had no children. He
started practicing at the age of 20 and worked in
Lorenzo Ghiberti's shop. Later in his life he
studied Roman ruins and became a humanist.
Donatello also had a shop in Florence where he
created many of his masterpieces.
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St. John by Donatello
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LEONARDO DA VINCI 1452-1519 Da Vinci was an
architect, musician, engineer, scientist and
inventor. He sketched the first parachute, first
helicopter, first aeroplane, first tank, first
repeating rifle, swinging bridge, paddle boat and
first motor car. Da Vinci designed machines of
war as well. He was one of the first artists to
sketch outdoor portraits. Da Vinci was a sculptor
and designer of costumes. He was also a
mathematician and a botanist.
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Davincis Last Supper
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Da Vincis Mona Lisa
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MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI 1475 - 1564
Michelangelo was a great leader in the Italian
Renaissance. His greatest glory, painting the
Sistine Chapel, began in 1508, and was completed
in 1512. In the beginning, Michelangelo was to
paint twelve pictures of the apostles around the
outside of the ceiling. Instead of doing so,
Michelangelo made another suggestion. He used the
central area of the ceiling to paint the history
of the Old Testament. It included over 300
figures.
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Pieta by Michelangelo
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Creation of Adam from the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo
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NICOLO MACHIAVELLI 1469-1527 Machiavelli
carried out diplomatic missions in France,
Germany, and Italy. He was a political
philosopher. Machiavelli wrote books that were
like handbooks for rulers. His most famous book
was Il Principe (The Prince) which was concerned
with one ruler who governs a mass of subjects. In
this book his philosophy was that a state should
be unified, orderly, and in balance that people
should be happy, honourable, secure, and strong
that rulers should do whatever they needed to
enforce order. He wrote methods of how a ruler
could gain power.
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The Prince by Nicolo Machiavelli
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WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1564 - 1616 William
Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright,
now widely regarded as the greatest writer in the
English language and the world's preeminent
dramatist. He is often called England's national
poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The
Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays,
154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and
several other poems. His plays have been
translated into every major living language and
are performed more often than those of any other
playwright.
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Movie poster for Hamlet by William Shakespeare
and starring Mel Gibson
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MAGELLAN (1480 1521) At a young age of 17
Magellan sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and
he sailed for the king of Spain. He got five
ships and left Seville on September 20, 1519. He
sailed around the tip of South America. He found
the westward passage and it was named the Strait
of Magellan in his name. He also found the new
ocean and named it the Pacific in honour of its
calm and peaceful waters, and crossed it East to
West. He landed in Guam and then in the
Phillipines where he was killed.
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MARCO POLO 1254-1324 Marco Polo
travelled to China with his father and uncle over
the Silk Road which was an overland route to
China. He worked for Kublai Khan, the Mongol
Emperor, for seventeen years. He sailed home
instead of going overland. He brought back ivory,
jade, jewels, porcelain and silk. He told about
the Chinese use of coal, money and compasses.
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ELIZABETH 1 1533-1603 Young Elizabeth was
well-educated and knew a number of languages. She
loved all music and the arts. Elizabeth became
the queen of England at the age of 25. She ruled
from 1558 to 1603. Elizabeth never married and
died on March 24, 1603, at the age of 69 after 45
years of being the queen. Elizabeth 1 was a great
patron. By doing this she helped the Renaissance
flourish in England. Elizabeth brought in new
types of architecture. The first theatre was
built under her rule. Shakespeare wrote plays,
and she had them performed in her theatre. Her
court became the centre for musicians, writers
and scholars. She encouraged dancing, banquets,
poetry, music and, most of all, drama.
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GALILEO GALILEI 1564-1642 Galileo was one of
the chief founders of modern science. His
greatest impact was his telescope and the laws of
motion. It changed the way people viewed the
universe. In 1632 he published an important book
of the dialogues concerning the two chief world
systems of Ptolemy and Copernicus. In 1633 the
church told him that he was wrong. He refused to
say he was wrong and was sentenced to be
imprisoned but the sentence changed to house
arrest. He spent the remaining years in a country
house under arrest where he was watched closely
but was allowed to continue his scientific work.
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RENE DESCARTES 1596-1650 Rene Descartes was a
respected philosopher, scientist and
mathematician. He used new methods of
investigating nature and he invented analytic
geometry. He was the first philosopher to
describe the physical universe in terms of matter
and motion. He created three major works
Discourse on Method, Meditations on First
Philosophy, and Principles of Philosophy. Famous
for the phrase "I think, therefore I am."
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Thinkers and Society

• Renaissance Humanists influenced society in three
  key areas
• Government and politics (Civic Humanism)
• Education (Educating the whole child)
• Religion

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Thinkers and Society

• Civic Humanism
• Why is being an informed citizen important today?
• Renaissance humanists were interested in
  classical ideas about good government
• Belief that public service was a duty
• Responsible citizenship

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Thinkers and Society

• Civic Humanism
• Why would humanists believe that everyone should
  be able to participate in government and express
  their opinion?
• How is education important in this regard?

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Thinkers and Society

• Humanist education
• As we have learned Education was very important
  to the humanists in the Renaissance
• Why did they emphasize education so much?

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Thinkers and Society

• Humanists believed in educating the whole child
• Training not only the mind but the body and
  character as well.
• Curious questioning was encouraged and rewarded.

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Thinkers and Society

• Humanism and Religion
• Religion continued to have an influence on
  humanist thinkers.
• The new classical ideas that were being relearned
  led to new understandings of scripture and faith.