World History Unit 3

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World History Unit 3

• Renaissance

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Cultural and Intellectual Thought Before the
Renaissance

• Dominated by Christianity
• Dominated by Feudalism-political, economic, and
  social structure
• Greek and Roman culture essentially forgotten
• Dominated by concerns for
• Salvation
• Territorial disputes
• Black Death
• Lack of Education outside monasteries
• Small scale trade

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Factors Influencing Shift Toward Renaissance

• Crusades exposed Europe to the global world and
  advanced civilizationsscholasticism exposure to
  rest of world and Europes past
• Byzantine and Islamic cultures preserved the past
  adding the knowledge of math and science
  Countries unified under centralization
• Increased trade fueled further contact and
  learning
• Universities became centers of learning
• Other major movements emerged in addition to the
  Renaissancethe Reformation, Scientific
  Revolution, and Enlightenment

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Shifts in Thought

• Europe was no longer backward, isolated,
  self-involved, self-sufficient region on edge of
  world
• Desire to become dominant civilization grew
• Exploration and expansion grew from shift in
  thought
• Not quick or in equal proportions
• Took long time to penetrate all circles
• Guarded jealously by people with power
• Peasants didnt participateno education or
  position to learn about itlack of opportunity

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RENAISSANCE

• Means the rebirth of Greek and Roman culture
• Lasted approximately 1300-1600 A.D.

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Why the Renaissance?

• Demand for labor high
• Demand for products high
• Population began to increase after Black Death
• People moved to cities
• Middle, or Merchant Class, emergedbankers,
  merchants, traders, etc.
• Huge influx of coined money

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Why the Renaissance?

• Interactions with Muslim world continued while
  Byzantine Empire was severely weakening
• Italian city-states became very rich supplying
  and transporting goods (Milan, Venice, and
  Florence)
• Increased wealth and new opportunities for
  material achievement in growing urban societies
• Scholars uncovered lost and forgotten Greek and
  Roman written works
• Located on former ruins
• Would encourage competition amongst growing
  European powers

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HUMANISM

• Focus on human endeavornon-religious thinking
  and action
• Previously life was useless and goal was
  heavensuck it up now for heaven awaits
• Shift in thinking from afterlife to here and now
• Focus on individuals meant less focus on
  institutions such as the Church

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HUMANISM

• Historical texts were revisited with focus on
  personal accomplishments and personal
  happinessGreek and Roman literature has tons of
  examples
• Renaissance Man emergedLeonardo da
  Vinciartist (painter sculptor), scientist,
  musician, architect, engineer, inventor,
  mathematician
• Writings and art began to reflect humanism
• Power of church declined during the Renaissance

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Characteristics of Renaissance Art

• Themes became more secular rather than religious
• Subjects were popes, monarchs, merchants, Greek
  and Roman deities, contemporary events
• Human figures were more realistic due to
  increased study of human anatomy
• Used perspectivethree dimensional
• Began using oil paints

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Rebirth in Arts

• Wealthy families in city-states patronized the
  artsMaslows Hierarchy of Needs?
• Human figure is realistic3 dimensional, use of
  shadows to illuminate
• Linear perspectivefocal point
• Embraced by Roman Church
• Art adorned palaces and cathedrals
• Huge domes
• Spread northward
• Greater variety of colorsdue to trade and
  exposure

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Renaissance Writing

• Johannes Gutenbergs Printing Press with moveable
  typemade printing books much easier
• Prior to printing press and Renaissance was
  little need for booksno one to read them
• Previously invented by Song Dynasty in China who
  gained knowledge from Koreawas Gutenberg aware?
• Ease of printing made it cheaper and able to be
  mass produced in other languages other than Latin
• The Bible was the first book mass produced by the
  printing press and was spread in other languages
  other than Latin for the first time

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Renaissance Writing

• Middle class becoming more educated, demanding
  more books, increased demand for paper from Arabs
  and Chinese
• Helped spread Protestant Reformation views
• Other books printed were mainly for entertainment
  purposes focusing on daily lives of people (the
  Vernacular)
• The Prince by Machiavelliself-interest more
  important than morals (how to keep political
  power)
• Utopia by Sir Thomas Mooreideal society
• Works of Shakespeare focused on humanismhuman
  faults, strengths, tragedy, comedy, and classical
  worldJulius Caesar, etc.

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Visual Renaissance
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Florence CathederalBy Brunelleschi
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St. Marks basilica in Venice
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Tempietto
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Florence Baptistry
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Sistine ChapleBy Michelangelo
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Tribute MoneyBy Masaccio
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The Last SupperBy DaVinci
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Mona Lisa
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Ventruvian Man
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School of AthensBy Raphael
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Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and Wife By Van
Eyck
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Writers