Empires and People of the Fertile Crescent

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Empires and People of the Fertile Crescent
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Empires and People of the Fertile Crescent
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Empire Important Events,
Inventions, Discoveries,
Characteristics, Leaders Contributions,
Achievements

• Use of iron weapons and used chariots in battle
  gave them advantage over enemies.
• Integrated ideas of literature, art, politics,
  and law to develop an advanced culture.

• Came from Asia Minor
• Formed an empire around 1650 BC.
• Developed a strong military tradition.

Hittites 2300BC- 1200 BC

• Developed siege tactics, ladders, tunnels, etc.
  to conquer cities.
• Developed the use of cavalry and battering rams.
• Known as great builders and built an impressive
  library in Nineveh.
• Developed first postal system

• Came from Northern Mesopotamia and established a
  large empire beginning around 850 BC
• Capital was Nineveh
• Fierce and ruthless warriors who used
  intimidation against enemies.

Assyrians 900 BC- 612 BC

• Conquered Assyrians in 612 BC
• Nebuchadnezzar was most famous ruler.
• He rebuilt the city of Babylon.
• Captured the Hebrews and exiled them to Babylon

• Built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• Outstanding astronomers.
• Developed the basis of astronomy and astrology

Chaldeans 612 BC - 539 BC

• Came from modern day Iran
• Developed largest Fertile Crescent Empire.
  Divided into provinces.
• Known for fair and wise rule.
• Darius and Cyrus were greatest rulers. Cyrus
  allowed Hebrews to leave.

• Extensive road system. Royal Highway stretched
  over 1600 miles.
• Developed standard coinage for trade.
• Zoroastrianism developed as a monotheistic
  religion.

Persians 550 BC- 331 BC
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Hittite Empire
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Hittite Empire
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Hittites
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Assyrian Empire
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Assyrian Empire
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Chaldean Empire
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Chaldeans
Hanging Gardens
Nebuchadnezzar
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Persian Empire
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Persian Empire
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Persian Empire
Cyrus Tomb
Cyrus the Great
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Zoroastrianism
Zoroaster Kaba
Zoroaster
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Phoenician Empire
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Phoenician Empire Major Cities
Carthage
Byblos Tyre Sidon
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Phoenician Trade

• Wine
• Weapons
• Precious metals
• Ivory
• Slaves
• Purple Dye Very expensive to make. Became a
  royal color.

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The Greatest Legacy of Phoenicia
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The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)
Abraham Father of Hebrew people

• Came from Ur in Sumer
• Established a covenant with God
• God promised Canaan to the Hebrews if they kept
  the covenant

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The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)
Moses

• Hebrews had been held captive in Egypt for
  several hundred years.
• Moses led them out of Egypt in the Exodus
• Moses received the Ten Commandments which became
  the basis of Hebrew law.
• Believed to have authored the first five books of
  the Bible called the Torah.

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King Solomon
The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)

• Most powerful of Israeli kings.
• Beautified the capital city of Jerusalem.
• His greatest legacy was the building of a great
  temple in Jerusalem.
• After his death, the Israeli kingdom split with
  Israel in the north and Judea in the south.

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The Babylonian Captivity
The Hebrews (Jews, Israelites)

• Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar conquered Jerusalem
  in 586.
• Most Hebrews were exiled to Babylon.
• He destroyed Solomons Temple.
• Persian King Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to
  Jerusalem and rebuild the temple.