Unit 6: Crises and Achievements (1900-1945)

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Unit 6 Crises and Achievements (1900-1945)

• Global History II Review

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Science and Technology

• Medical advancements are made
• Standard of living improves
• Better wages for workers and conditions
• Increase in population (healthier/ safer)
• New Scientific theories developed
• Radioactivity (Nuclear energy)
• Einstein and Freud

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World War I

• Causes (1914-1918)
• Nationalism- pride in ones country
• Militarism- increase in militaries to protect
• Imperialism- conquering territories
• Alliances- joining forces incase of attack
• War began when Arch Duke was killed
• Balkans were a powder keg of tension and
  started the war by each country joining in

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World War I

• Alliances formed across Europe
• Central Powers (Triple Alliance)
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire
• Allied Powers (Triple Entente)
• Britain, France, Russia, Later Italy, Japan, USA
• Industrialized warfare
• Trench warfare- dug trenches to fight from
• New weapons- machine gun, tank, submarine,
  airplane, and poison gas

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World War I

• Turning Point of the war when USA joins
• Russia withdrew from war (Revolution)
• Costs of the war
• Tremendous loss of life (more than 8 million)
• Economic losses forced Germany to pay reparations
  for the war (Treaty of Versailles)
• Formation of the League of Nations to try and
  prevent future wars from happening

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Revolution in Russia

• Causes of the Revolution (1917)
• Czar Nicholas was an autocratic ruler
• Harsh treatment of the people, suppressed reform
• Peasants were unhappy with conditions
• Diversity among the Russian people inspired
  nationalism among populations
• Revolution of 1905- protesters were attacked
• People wanted to get out of World War I

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Revolution in Russia

• Bolshevik Revolution (Communists)
• Provisional government was slow to change
• Communists promised Peace, Bread, Land
• Lenin Rules Russia
• Communists overthrew provisional gov.
• Russia drops out of World War I
• Civil war between Reds and Whites (czar)
• New Economic Policy- governemnt controlled nearly
  everything in the Soviet economy

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Revolution in Russia

• Joseph Stalin takes over Soviet Russia
• Totalitarian dictator launched Great Purge
• Russification- promoted Russian culture for
  everyone living in Russia (non-Russians)
• Five-Year Plans to build industry and increase
  agricultural output
• Collectivization created large farms
• Forced Famine- starved peasants in Ukraine
• Modernized Russia to compete with West

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Between Wars

• Treaty of Versailles
• Harsh punishment for Germany
• Loss of territory, military restrictions, war
  guilt
• Formation of the League of Nations
• Designed to prevent future aggression and wars
• Weakened due to refusal of USA to join
• Collapse of Empires
• Austria-Hungary broke up into several nations
• Ottoman Empire lost war and broke up

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Between Wars

• National movements emerged
• Turks under Kemal Ataturk Westernized
• Iran under Shah Reza Khan Westernized
• Pan-Arabism- Arab nations wanted to be free of
  foreign (European) rule
• Zionism- push for a Jewish state in Palestine
• Indian Nationalism- wanted independence
• Gandhi used civil disobedience to win rights

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Between Wars

• Chinese Nationalism
• Economic collapse in China led to revolt
• May Fourth Movement- modernize China by turning
  to the West
• Communists emerged (Maos Long March)
• Civil War between Communists Nationalists
• Womens Suffrage movement gains vote
• Democratic nations give women right to vote

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Between Wars

• World Wide Depression (1929)
• Economic problems in Europe from WWI
• Interdependency of world economies
• Great Depression collapse of economy
• Banks and business closed
• People lose faith in capitalism and democracy
• Rise of Fascism
• Rule a people by dictatorial government

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Between Wars

• Rise of Fascism
• Italy Mussolini promised better economy and gain
  territory expected after WWI
• Germany Weimer Republic failed (democracy
• Inflation created economic problems and gave
  rise to Hitler
• Hitler promised to regain lost territory, fix the
  economy, rebuild the military
• Anti-Semitism rose (hatred toward Jews)

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Between Wars

• Japan becomes a militaristic power in Asia
• Depression ended movement toward democracy in
  Japan
• Need for raw materials drove Japan to imperialism
  and militarism in Pacific region
• Expanded into China and Manchuria
• Anti-Western feelings
• Left League of Nations

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World War II

• Causes of World War II (1939-1945)
• Aggressive nature of Italy, Germany, Japan
• Japan invaded and took territory in China
• Italy attacks Ethiopia (L-N does nothing)
• German Aggression
• Rebuilds military, took Rhineland, Austria, and
  part of Czechoslovakia
• Appeasement (give in to an aggressor)
• Policy followed by Europeans to prevent war
• Start of War Germany invades Poland 39

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World War II

• Axis Powers gained territory rapidly
• Germans used Blitzkrieg Lighting War
• Turning points in the war
• US enters the war after Pearl Harbor attack
• Battle of Stalingrad turned back Germans
• Invasion of Normandy by Allies (D-Day)
• Battle of Midway in the Pacific

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World War II

• Holocaust Genocide against Jews
• Hitlers Final Solution killed 6 million Jews
• World War II Ends
• Germany was overrun by Allies and gave up
• Americans dropped two atomic bombs on Japan to
  end the war in the Pacific
• Technology of World War II
• Jet planes, bomber planes, atomic weapons

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World War II

• Impact of World War II
• 75 Million people died world wide in the war
• Many cities and economies were in ruins
• War Crime trials such as Nuremberg Trials
• Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe
• United Nations was formed to discuss world
  problems and develop solutions over war