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Foreigners in China

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Title: Foreigners in China


1
Foreigners in China
  • The reaction of Chinese government, Chinese
    people and Westerners

2
Portuguese are first
  • Began trading in 1500s (with Ming). Became the
    middlemen in trading Chinese goods around the
    world
  • Also sent missionaries (Jesuits). Huge
    population without an established religion in
    their minds. Attempted to match teachings to
    Confucian ideals

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Chinese Government reactions
  • strict restrictions and walls built around the
    settlements so they could not poison Chinese
    culture.
  • Only allowed to stay 6 months at a time during
    trading season.
  • Missionaries welcomed at court as interesting
    intellectuals, few conversions.

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Peoples reactions
  • uninterested but respect Jesuit education.
  • Dont convert
  • Eventually take offense at missionaries judgment
    of their culture.
  • Eventually see these missionaries as
    representatives of the barbaric foreigners.

7
Portugese reactions
  • Send more missionaries
  • Frustration and judgment of people.
  • Desire more influence
  • Jesuits write much about Chinese culture so
    Europe becomes interested. Unfortunate.

8
Other Westerners reactions
  • Curious about Chinese art, porcelain, furniture,
    gardens and culture (especially foot binding).
  • Want to come see for themselves and trade for
    those goods themselves.
  • The Chinese continue to restrict trade from any
    foreigners.

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Chinese edict announced to foreigners attempting
to trade in China
  • The products of China are abundant what need
    have we for the small and insignificant goods of
    the distant barbarians? Just because you wanted
    to trade we have had compassion for men from afar
    and did not prohibit you from coming. Now you are
    not able to keep your place and obey the lawsthe
    laws will be upheld and feelings will be
    pacified. Everyone will return to harmonious
    cooperation.

16
  • Did find a little more interest in the Europeans
    once they started showing up in the late 1500s
    with silver from the new world.

17
 President Hu Jintao, Nov 8, 2012
  • "We must aim higher and work harder and continue
    to pursue development in a scientific way,
    promote social harmony and improve the people's
    lives," he said.
  • China's development should be made more balanced
    and sustainable, he said, and the "serious
    challenge" of corruption should be addressed.
  • "Anyone who broke the law would be brought to
    justice, "whoever they are and whatever power or
    official positions they have", he said.

18
1800s Europeans pressure more
  • By 1800s the Europeans wanted more trade and
    more spheres of influence (Qing, Manchu)
  • Why? What is happening in Europe at this time?

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  • New wave of European Imperialism around the world
    as revolutions have kicked them out of America
    and Latin America
  • Tension and competition among European nations as
    industrialization has flourished. Race for new
    markets and resources.

21
Chinese government reaction
  • Opened a little more trade but still wanted to
    keep foreigners away.
  • Disgusted by arrogance of Europeans.
  • Shocked by the Europeans view of the Chinese as
    inferior.
  • Expel missionaries (Pope had told Jesuits they
    could not attach ideas to Confucianism anymore)
  • Still believed they were superior but did nothing
    to change their ways. Problem, why?

22
Peoples Reactions
  • Insulted by European behavior
  • Dislike of missionaries, some violence will occur
  • Oblivious China is big and not all the people
    know whats going on.

23
European Reaction
  • More pressure.
  • Judge the Chinese as backward wont
    industrialize and wont Christianize.
  • Viewed as weak.
  • Continuous trade in restricted port areas.
  • Looking for a way to force more trade on Chinese.
    They find itopium

24
Opium
  • The Chinese had used it for medicinal purposes.
  • By 1800s started being used as a drug and people
    were addicted.
  • Coming in along Silk Road from Iran, India,
    Turkey and Afghanistan

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Chinese government reaction
  • Outlawed opium smoking (but, oops, some
    government officials are already addicted)
  • Outlawed foreigners from trading opium.

27
Chinese people
  • Get addicted (1 in 3 by mid 1800s)
  • Get involved in the trade too
  • Oblivious China is a really big place

28
Europeans
  • England especially continues to smuggle. Makes
    tons of money from the trade and China losing
    lots of silver as their people buy the opium from
    the English.
  • 1839 Create a situation for war as a Chinese
    official came to destroy their supplies.
  • Superior navy. Why?

29
Opium War
  • Over quickly
  • Treaty of Nanking 1842 unequal treaty first of
    many. More ports opened to Britain and Hong Kong
    given to Britain.
  • Extraterritoriality Foreigners did not have to
    follow Chinas laws on Chinas soil.

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Chinese Government Reaction
  • Not much.
  • Still feel superior and still see no need to
    change a thing.

32
Chinese peoples reaction
  • Anger at Europeans and own government. Resented
    missionary and merchant presence.
  • Suspicious of missionary practice of adopting
    unwanted children rumor that they were eating
    the babies or using their eyes for medicine.
  • More violence against foreigners

33
European Reaction
  • They want more!
  • React to violence by sending more gunboats up
    rivers. Gaining more and more territory in China.
  • Weakening China to semi-colonial status.
  • Everybody wants a sphere of influence. Gobble
    Gobble

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Chinese government reaction
  • Not much.
  • Still felt superior even though more and more
    European nations were encroaching on Chinese
    territory.
  • Signed more and more unequal treaties.

36
Chinese people
  • Rebellion
  • Population had been growing faster than
    resources.
  • Widespread poverty and government wasnt doing
    anything to help.
  • Frustrated with foreign barbarian occupation.

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Taiping Rebellion
  • 1850
  • Aimed at Qing Dynasty. Views of communal
    property, and the equality of men and women.
    Sound familiar?
  • Rebellion grows in Southern China and fighting is
    fierce.
  • Europeans stay out of it but appreciate how it
    weakens the dynasty.
  • 1864 peace, 40 million dead and Southern China
    lying in waste.

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Chinese government reaction
  • 1860 Self-Strengthening policy.
  • Still believed they were superior to Westerners
    but saw a need for some changes.
    http//www.youtube.com/watch?vt3Ff0D-dWew
  • Adopted western military style. Aim is
    modernization but very slow progress.
  • Remain stubborn and call the hairy barbarians
    technology a few monkey tricks.

41
Chinese people
  • Work for foreigners at ports and along rivers but
    then realized they are being treated as
    second-class citizens in their own territory.
  • Some get educations at Jesuit universities and
    read western books that had been translated by
    Jesuits new education spreads ideas of freedom
    and more ideas of rebellion against Qing.

42
Western reaction
  • Continued pressure for Chinese trade as Dynasty
    continues to prove its weakness.
  • Begin tense competition among each other for
    access.
  • America wants in too and forces an Open Door
    Policy on the Chinese and other western nations.

43
Open Door Policy
  • 1899
  • America late in the imperialism game so wants to
    catch up.
  • Europeans scared to destroy China because they
    may go to war over its spoils.
  • China too weak to deny access.

44
Chinese government reaction
  • Self-strengthening had been too little too late.
  • Some leaders still addicted to opium
  • Emperors mother builds a new summer palace with
    a huge marble boat with money that was to be used
    to ease peasant hunger and suffering.

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Chinese people
  • Poor and hungry except in merchant areas and then
    just insulted.
  • Most hate everything foreign (except those
    getting university educations)
  • Impoverished bandits rebel against Qing Dynasty.

47
Boxer Rebellion
  • 1900
  • Original rebellion against Qing but the Empress
    Dowager turns the bandits on missionaries and
    foreigners.
  • Either kill the white devils or send them into
    the sea.
  • Rampage of burning and killing and believe
    spiritually protected from bullets harm.

48
European Reaction
  • Fight back to defend their countrymen.
  • Boxers arent protected from bullets so European
    technology easily victorious.
  • Win the Rebellion

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Europeans decide not to tear China to pieces.
Why?
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Government reaction
  • Weaker than ever
  • Gone in 1912

54
Peoples reaction
  • Many different reactions
  • Some still oblivious. China is a big place
  • Feeling of being defeated both militarily but
    also culturally. Self doubt.
  • Rebellion. End the Qing Dynasty forever.

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Who Should now rule?Candidate ACandidate
BCandidate CCandidate DCreate your candidates
campaign
57
http//www.northsideprep.org/ncphs/depts/social_sc
ience/cirving/chmra.pdf
58
  • http//flocabulary.com/modern-china/
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