Soil and Mass movements

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Soil and Mass movements

• Created By
• Mr. Kreeger

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Homework and Page References

• Page References- Page 138-143
• Homework
• 7-11 on page 143

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Table of Contents

• Composition of soil
• Some definitions
• Mass movements
• Slow mass movement
• Rapid mass movement

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1. Composition of Soil

• Made of the following
• Weathered Rock
• Organic material (Humus)
• Air
• Water

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2. Some Definitions

• Soil- Formed from weathered rock and humus.
• Parent Material- This is where soil comes from
• Residual Soil- When parent material is
  underlying bedrock of the area.
• Transported soil- If the soil is formed in one
  place and carried elsewhere.
• Most of NYS is transported soil form last ice age

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Cross section of soil layers Each layer is called
a HORIZON Horizon O/A Topsoil (mostly Humus,
some weathered rock) Horizon B Mostly weathered
rock, some organic material (mineral rich
zone) Horizon C Broken Bedrock BEDROCK
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HORIZON A
HORIZON B
HORIZON C
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Mass Movement video clip
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3. Mass movements

• Movements of the earth caused by the force of
  gravity

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3a.Slow mass movement

• Only noticeable by trees telephone poles and
  fence posts tilted downhill.
• Examples- Earth Flow and Soil Creep

Earth Flow
Soil Creep
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3b. Rapid Mass Movement

• Quick movement of soil downhill usually due to a
  steep slope.
• Examples
• Avalanche- Large amount of snow moving downhill.
• Slumps- Small areas of land move downhill -
  especially along roadways that cut into the side
  of hills

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