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Tobacco 101 [Insert your name and information here] * CDC SAMMEC, MMWR 1993; 42:645-9. Tobacco use among American Indian Adolescents: protective and risk factors. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: [Insert your name


1
Tobacco 101
Insert your name and information here
1
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Overview
  • Traditional tobacco
  • Commercial tobacco
  • Smokeless tobacco
  • Tobacco Cancer
  • Tobacco Diabetes
  • Tobacco Secondhand smoke

2
3
Traditional Tobacco Stories
  • Many indigenous nations have traditional stories
    of how tobacco was introduced to their
    communities.
  • Many stories emphasized the sacredness of the
    plant and its powers to both heal if used
    properly and to harm us if used improperly!
  • Some say that the original tobacco was discovered
    about 18,000 years ago.

3
4
Traditional Tobacco Uses
  • Tobacco was used by our Medicine People for both
    healing and blessings.
  • Used as a smudge to ward off pests when the
    people went out to hunt and gather (the original
    version of OFF) because it contains nicotine, a
    natural pesticide.
  • Given as a gift when welcoming guests to the
    community as an offering to those requested to
    pray or share their wisdom.

4
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Traditional Vs. Commercial Tobacco
TRADITIONAL
COMMERCIAL
  • Smoked in a pipe for ceremonial purposes
  • Used as an offering to a healer, elder or other
    person as a sign of respect or thanks
  • Medicinal tobacco was often used as a painkiller
  • Deliberate targeting of specific consumer groups
  • Premeditated and conscious addition of chemicals
    that lead to addiction
  • Scarcely contains actual tobacco

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Commercial Tobacco Contents
  • 4000 Chemicals
  • 40 Cancer causing agents
  • 500 Poisons

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Nicotine
  • Poisonous
  • More addictive than cocaine and heroine
  • So powerful that farmers cant use it to kill
    insects
  • Legal addiction
  • Use results in emotional dependence
  • Mood leveler
  • Users rely on it to control emotional responses
    to everyday life

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Carbon Monoxide
  • The compound in car exhaust that causes death
  • Causes shortness of breath
  • Reduces the amount of oxygen blood can carry

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Tar
  • Sticky Residue that stains the fingers and teeth.
  • Contains benzopyrene, one of the deadliest
    cancer causing agents known.

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Chemicals
  • Acetone fingernail polish remover
  • Ammonia floor/toilet cleaner
  • Cadmium batteries
  • Arsenic rat poison
  • Methane cow manure fumes
  • Formaldehyde preserver of dead bodies

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Metals
  • Aluminum
  • Magnesium
  • Zinc
  • Silicon
  • Titanium
  • Silver
  • Lead
  • Copper
  • Mercury
  • Heavy metals

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Nicotine Hard Habit to Quit
  • On a milligram for milligram basis, is 10
    timesmore potent than heroin as an addictive
    substance
  • Smoking is an over-learned behavior
  • Pack/day smoker estimates
  • 6 doses (puffs)/cigarette
  • 20 cigarettes per day
  • 43,800 doses per year!
  • Few behaviors occur more often. . .
  • Breathing
  • Blinking

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Nicotine Hard Habit to Quit
Withdrawal Symptoms
Anxiety 87 Irritability 80
Difficulty Concentrating 73 Restlessness 71
Tobacco Cravings 62 Gastrointestinal Problems 33
Headaches 24 Drowsiness 22
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Tobacco Health Effects
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Tobacco Health Effects
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Tobacco Facts Stats
  • 40 of all AN/AN deaths can be attributed to
    commercial tobacco use
  • 50 of AI/AN teens reported some type of
    cigarette use (highest rate in the nation, out of
    all ethnic populations and age groups)
  • 21 of AI/AN teens reported using smokeless
    tobacco
  • Teens are 3 times more likely to smoke if parent
    or sibling smokes

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Tobacco Facts Stats
  • AI/ANs 40.8
  • African Americans 22.4
  • Whites 23.6
  • Hispanics 16.7
  • Asian American/ 13.3 Pacific Islanders

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Tobacco Facts Stats
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Tobacco Facts Stats
  • 85 of teenagers who smoke two or more cigarettes
    completely, and overcome the initial discomforts
    of smoking, will become regular smokers.
  • In a study of high school seniors, only 5 of
    those who smoked believed they would still be
    smoking two years after graduation. In fact, 75
    were still smoking eight years later.
  • One-third to one-half of young people who try
    cigarettes go on to be daily smokers.

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Tobacco Costs
  • Every pack of cigarettes sold in the U.S. costs
    the community 7.18 in medical care costs and
    lost productivity
  • IHS estimates 200 million is spent each year to
    treat tobacco related diseases
  • 75 billion in direct medical costs associated
    with tobacco use each year in U.S.
  • 82 billion unrealized due to loss of
    productivity as a result of tobacco abuse

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Tobacco Individual Costs
A pack a day habit 1 Year 1,680
10 Years
16,800 20 Years 33,600
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Tobacco Facts Stats
If not one single young person started smoking
from this day forward these losses more than
400,000 deaths per year would still continue
unabated for 30 years. C. Everett Koop (US
Surgeon General 1981-1989)
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Smokeless Tobacco Facts Stats
  • Chew, Snuff, plug, leaf, and dip are all forms of
    smokeless tobacco
  • If you hold the average-sized dip in your mouth
    for 30 minutes you get as much nicotine as you
    would from 2-3 cigarettes
  • American Indian teenage girls have the highest
    prevalence rates of spit tobacco
  • 43 of Indian youth in the Northwest use spit
    tobacco

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Smokeless Tobacco Facts Stats
  • Contains 28 cancer-causing chemicals
  • One can of Copenhagen is equal to 3 packs of
    cigarettes
  • Snuff dippers consume on average 10 times more
    cancer-causing substances (nitrosamines --
    chemicals from the curing process) than cigarette
    smokers

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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco
  • Tooth Abrasion
  • Gum Disease
  • Gum Recession
  • Heart Disease and Stroke
  • Cancer in the mouth, pharynx (voice box),
    esophagus and pancreas.

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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Bad breath
  • Reduced sense of smell

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27
Tobacco Cancer
  • Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer
    death among Indian women
  • Womens death rates due to lung cancer have risen
    600 since 1950
  • About 90 of all lung cancer deaths are
    attributable to smoking
  • Chewing tobacco and snuff contain 28 different
    carcinogens

27
28
Tobacco Cancer
  • Smoking is a major cause of cancers of the
    oropharynx (base of the tongue) and bladder among
    women.
  • Women who smoke have increased risks for cancers
    of the pancreas and kidney.
  • Larynx and esophagus cancer rates are also
    elevated.

28
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Tobacco Cancer
Healthy lungs
Small cell cancer in Smokers lung
Cancerous tumor in the lung
29
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Tobacco Cancer
  • Research shows that smokers infected with human
    papillomavirus have greater risk of developing
    invasive cervical cancer than nonsmokers with the
    virus.
  • Indian women have cervical cancer rates 3.5 times
    the national average. Tobacco is one of the
    behavioral factors considered to elevate the risk
    of cervical cancer.

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Tobacco Diabetes
  • Smoking and Diabetes both reduce the amount of
    oxygen reaching your bodily tissues, resulting in
    poor circulation.
  • Smoking raises your blood sugar level making it
    harder to control your diabetes.
  • Of people with diabetes who need amputations, 95
    are smokers.

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Tobacco Diabetes
  • Nicotine is a vessel constrictor, reducing the
    bodys blood flow. Smoking increases cholesterol
    levels and hardens arteries.
  • Diabetes increases cholesterol levels and the
    levels of some other fats in your blood.
  • The combined cardiovascular risks of smoking and
    diabetes is as high as 14 times those of either
    smoking or diabetes alone.

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Tobacco Diabetes
  • Together, diabetes and tobacco use make it twice
    as likely that you will develop heart and blood
    vessel disease.
  • People with diabetes who smoke are 3 times more
    likely to die of cardiovascular disease than are
    other people with diabetes.
  • Deaths from heart disease in women with diabetes
    have increased 23 over the past 30 years
    compared to a 27 decrease in women without
    diabetes.

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Secondhand Smoke
  • Smoke breathed out by a smoker and smoke from the
    burning end of cigarettes, cigars, pipes
  • Composed of nearly 4,000 different chemicals and
    over 150 toxins including carbon monoxide

34
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Children Secondhand Smoke
  • 38 of children aged 2 months to 5 years are
    exposed to SHS in the home.
  • Up to 2,000,000 ear infections each year
  • Nearly 530,000 doctor visits for asthma
  • Up to 436,000 episodes of bronchitis in children
    under five
  • Up to 190,000 cases of pneumonia in children
    under five

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Children Secondhand Smoke
  • Coughing and wheezing
  • Asthma
  • Sore throats and colds
  • Eye irritation
  • Hoarseness

36
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Pregnancy Secondhand Smoke
  • Pregnant women exposed to ETS 6 hours a day pass
    carcinogens to the blood of unborn
  • ETS for 2 hours a day causes 2 times risk of low
    birth weight
  • Miscarriage
  • Prematurity
  • Low birth weight
  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

37
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What You Can Do
  • If you smoke quit as soon as possible!
  • Do not allow smoking inside your home or car
    protect others from Secondhand smoke.
  • Get involved with tobacco awareness campaigns
    let others know about the risk!

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When You Quit
  • Within 20 Minutes
  • Blood pressure drops to normal
  • Pulse rate returns to normal
  • Body temperature of hands and feet increases to
    normal
  • Within 8 Hours
  • Carbon Monoxide level in blood drops to normal
  • Oxygen level in blood increases to normal
  • Smoker's breath disappears
  • Within 24 Hours
  • Your chance of a heart attack decreases.
  • Within 48 Hours
  • Nerve endings start to re-grow
  • Your ability to smell and taste is enhanced

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When You Quit
  • Within 72 Hours
  • Bronchial tubes relax making it easier to
    breathe.
  • Lung capacity increases making it easier to do
    physical activities
  • Within 2 weeks - 3 months
  • Circulation improves
  • Walking becomes easier
  • Lung function increases up to 30
  • Within 1 - 9 months
  • Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of
    breath decrease
  • Energy level increases
  • Cilia re-grow in lungs, increasing the ability to
    handle mucus, clean lungs, reduce infection 

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When You Quit
  • Within One Year
  • Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a
    smoker
  • Within Two Years
  • Heart attack risk drops to near normal
  • Within 5 Years
  • Lung cancer death rate for average pack-a-day
    smoker decreases by almost half
  • Stroke risk is reduced
  • Risk of mouth, throat and esophageal cancer is
    half that of a smoker

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When You Quit
  • Within 10 Years
  • Lung cancer death rate is similar to that of a
    person who does not smoke.
  • The pre-cancerous cells are replaced.
  • Within 15 Years
  • Risk of coronary heart disease is the same as a
    person who has never smoked.

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