Naam, Afdeling

1
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Naam, Afdeling
?.?. ?????? ?????? 2010
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2
???????????? ?????????
? 50-500 ps
????????????
??? PMT
New photodetectors SiPM, SSPM P.Bazhan et
al. NIM A, 504 (2003)
????????????? ??????
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
3

• ????????????? ???????????
• ???????????? ??????????
• ????????-???????????
• ?????????? (PET)
• - Single photon emission
• computed tomography (SPECT)
• ??????????? ????????????
• ?????????? ????????
• ??????????
• ?????? ??????? ???????
• ..

???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????
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4
Positron Emission Tomography
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
5
Time of flight TOF-PET W.Moses, IEEE, Trans.
Nucl. Sci. NS-46 (1999) 474
LOR
Annihilation
From Y. Haemisch, Philips Medical Systems
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
6
Properties of Inorganic Scintillators Used for PET
Material LY, Phs/MeV ?m, nm Atten. Length (511 keV), cm ?, ns
NaITl 38,000 415 3.3 230
LSO 24,000 420 1.2 40
BGO 8,200 505 1.1 300
GSO 7,600 430 1.5 60
BaF2 10,000 220/310 2.3 0.6/620
T. Bäck et al. NIM A 471(2001) 200 / email
back_at_msi.se A detector system for PET with
time-of-flight capability has been built. The
set-up consists of 48 BaF2 scintillator crystals,
each coupled to a fast PMT, mounted in a
circular geometry. The best time resolution for
a pair of the detectors was 340 ps.
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BaF2 emission
(???????-????????? ????????)
(?????????? ?????????????)
1980 ?.
8
????? ?????????????? ??? BaF2 ? ????????
??????????? ????????
9
???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? BaF2, ?
BaF2Ce
????????????
??????????
??????

• ?????????? ??? PET
• ??????????????
• ??????? ??????????
• ??????? ?????. ??????.
• ?????? ?????????

?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
10
????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? (??????)
??????? ? ???????? ???????? ?10-4 ???.
? 800-11500? P200 ???
???????? ? 35mm, d4-5mm
1 ??????????? ?????????? 2 ???? 3
??????? ????????? 4 ?????? 5 ???????? 6
????? ??????? 7 ????? ??????? 8 ???????
????????? 9 ????? ???????????????
11
?????????????? BaF2Ce ????????
?. ?. ??????? ? ??. ????????. ????????? (2006)
???. 5. ???????? ???, ??? ? ??? ????????, ??? ?
???????? CaF2 ????? ????????? ????????
???????????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ????????
?????????? 25 50 ?? (????????). ??? ????????
?aF2 ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ? ????????????
????? ?????? ?????.
12
??????? ????????????????????? (??)
??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? 1 ????????
BaF2, 2 ???????? BaF2, 3 ????????
BaF2Ce (0,1 ???.), 4- ???????? BaF2Ce (0,1
???.)
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
13
??????? ??
???????????? ?????????? ???????? BaF2Ce3 ????,
??? ??????? ? ??????? BaF2
??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? 1 ????????
BaF2, 2 ???????? BaF2Ce (0,1 ???.)
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
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Pulse height spectra of BaF2Ce(0,1mol.)
/Cs137/
Shaping time 1µs R 8,6 Nphe 3056 phe/MeV
Nph 8258 ph/MeV
Shaping time 10µs R 10,7 Nphe 4300 phe/MeV
Nph 11619 ph/MeV
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???????? ?? BaF2
???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? 1 ????????
BaF2, 2 ???????? BaF2
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
16
???????? ??
???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? 1 ????????
BaF2Ce (0,05 ???.), 2 ???????? BaF2Ce (0,1
???.)
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
17
????????????
?????????? ??????????? ???????? BaF2 ???????? 3
?? (1, 2) ? BaF2Ce (0.025 ???.), ???????? 15 ??
(3, 4). 1, 3 ????????, 2, 4 ????????
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
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?????????? ???????? BaF2 ? BaF2Ce
??????? ????? Ce3, ??? ?1, ?? Im1 ?2, ?? ?3, ?? LY
BaF2 ????? - 0.90.3 1500 - 37025 1.0
BaF2 ??? - 0.90.4 1400 - 31040 0.95
BaF2Ce ??? 0.1 0.90.3 1200 294 36040 1.74
BaF2Ce ????? 0.1 1.30.4 1300 472 24040 2.70
BaF2Ce ??? 0.05 1.10.2 1400 307 26540 1.98
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
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?????????? ???????? BaF2Cd
???????? ?? 1 ???????? BaF2, 2 ????????
BaF2Cd(1???.)
???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????
BaF2Cd(0.1 ???.) ? 1.3 ???? ??????, ???
??????? ? ??????????????? BaF2
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
20
?????????? ???????? BaF2Sc
???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????
?????????? ? 3.6 ???? ?? ????????? ?
?????????????? ???????????? ????????, ??
????????? ?????. ??? ???? ???????????
????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????
??? ? 2 ????
??????? ?????????? ?(l0-lk)/lk
???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? 1 ????????
BaF2 ?243,3 , 2 ???????? BaF2Sc
(2???.), ????????? ????? ? CF4 ?280
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
21
?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? BaF2Sc
??? ????????? ????????????? Sc ? ??? ?????????
???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????
?????????? ????? ???? ??-???????
??????????? ????????????? ?????????????
?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ? (l0-lk)/lk
?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
22
??????

• ???????????, ??? ??? ??????????? ????????????
  ????? Ce3 ?? ??????? ????? ?????????????
  ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??,
  ??? ? ?????? BaF2
• ???????????? ????????????? ?? BaF2Ce3
  (?????????? ? ???????) ??????????? ????, ??? ???
  ??????????????? ????????? BaF2. ? ??????
  BaF2Ce3 ???????? ????????? ??????????
  ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????????/?????????
  ???
• ????????, ??? ??? ???????????? Cd2 1???.
  (????????) ????????????? ????????????? ??????????
  ? 1.75 ???? ??????, ??? ??? ???????????????
  ???????????????? ??????? ?????
• ??? ????????????? ??????? BaF2Sc3(2???.),
  ?????????? ????? ? ????????? CF4 ???????????
  ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?
  3.6 ???? ?? ????????? ? ??????????????
  ???????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ?????. ???
  ???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????
  ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ? 2 ????

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23
?????????? ?? ???? ????????????

• A.A. Demidenko, E.A. Garibin, S.D. Gain, Yu.I.
  Gusev, P.P. Fedorov, I.A. Mironov, S.B. Michrin,
  V.V. Osiko, P.A. Rodnyi, D.M. Seliverstov, A.N.
  Smirnov. Scintillation parameters of BaF2 and
  BaF2Ce3 ceramics. Optical materials. 2010. V32.
  P1291-1293
• ?.?. ??????, ?.?. ????, ?.?. ???????, ?.?.
  ???????, ?.?. ?????????, ?.?. ???????????, ?.?.
  ?????, ?.?. ???????, ?.?. ????????.
  ???????????-???????????? ??????????????
  ?????????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????? BaF2 ?
  BaF2Ce. ???, ??? 52, ???.9, 2010, ???.1780
• ?.?. ???????, ?.?. ????, ?.?. ?????, ?.?. ?????,
  ?.?. ??????, ?.?. ???????, ?.?. ??????, ?.?.
  ???????????, ?.?. ???????. ????? ????????????? ??
  ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????,
  ???????? ???, ????? ?????????? (?????? ? ??????)
• ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? 2 ?????? ??
  ???????????

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24
??????? ? ????????????

• A.A. Demidenko, E.A. Garibin, S.D. Gain, Yu.I.
  Gusev, P.P. Fedorov, I.A. Mironov, S.B.Michrin,
  V.V. Osiko, P.A. Rodnyi, D.M. Seliverstov, A.N.
  Smirnov. Scintillation Parameters of BaF2 and
  BaF2Ce3 Ceramics. 5th Int. Symp. On Laser,
  Scintillator and Non Linear Optical Materials,
  Pisa, Italy, September 3-5, 2009
• ?.?. ????, ?.?. ??????. ???????????????? ????????
  ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? BaF2, ????????????
  Ce, Cd ? Sc. ??????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????????
  ??? ??????? ?????? ?????-?????????? ?
  ??????-??????, ?????-?????????, ??????, 29-30
  ??????? 2009
• E.A. Garibin, S.D. Gain, P.E. Gusev, Yu.I. Gusev,
  D.V. Leushev, I.A. Mirinov, P.A. Rodnyi, D.M.
  Seliverstov, A.N. Smirnov. Ultra fast
  scintillators based on BaF2 crystals and
  ceramics. LX International conference on nuclear
  physics Nucleus 2010, Saint-Petersburg, Russia,
  July 6-9, 2010
• ?.?. ????, ?.?. ???????, ?.?. ???????, ?.?.
  ??????, ?.?. ???????????. ?????????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????????????
  ??????-??????????? ??????????? ??????????????
  ?????????????? ??????????, ?????-?????????, 22-24
  ???????? 2010
• ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????????
  ??????????? ??????-2010, ???????, ???????, 14-19
  ?????? 2010

?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
25
????????? RE ????? ? BaF2