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A Review of Basic Chemistry

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Title: A Review of Basic Chemistry


1
A Review of Basic Chemistry
2
Minerals
  • Mineral - a naturally occurring inorganic
    crystalline solid with a definite chemical
    composition
  • Building blocks of rocks
  • Cannot be divided into smaller components by
    mechanical means

3
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • Elements
  • Compounds

4
Matter Forms and Structure
5
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • Forms of Elements and Compounds
  • Atom - the basic building block of all chemical
    elements
  • Molecule - a combination of two or more atoms of
    the same or different elements held together by
    chemical bonds

6
Periodic Table of Elements
7
Molecular Compounds
8
Formation of a Molecule
9
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • The structure of elements and compounds
  • Ion - an atom or a group of atoms with one or
    more positive () or negative (-) electrical
    charges
  • Cation () - Na1
  • Anion (-) - Cl-1

10
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Subatomic particles
  • Protons ()
  • Neutrons (o)
  • Electrons (-)

11
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Atomic Number (AN) - number of protons in the
    nucleus of a chemical element
  • Hydrogen AN 1
  • Carbon AN 6
  • Uranium AN 92

12
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Mass Number (MN) - the total number of neutrons
    and protons in the nucleus of an atom
  • Hydrogen MN 1 proton 0 neutron 1
  • Uranium MN 92 protons 143 neutrons 235

13
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Ion - an atom or group of atoms with one or more
    positive or negative electrical charges

14
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structurey
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Ions
  • Sodium (Na)
  • 11 protons 11 electrons ? no net charge
  • Loses 1 electron
  • 11 electrons 10 protons ? net 1 charge (Na1)

15
Matter and Energy
  • Matter Forms, Structure, and Quality
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Types of chemical bonds
  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Hydrogen

16
Minerals
  • Matter Forms and Structure
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Types of chemical bonds
  • Ionic Bond - bond formed by attraction between
    oppositely charged ions

17
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18
The Structure of Ordinary Table Salt - An Ionic
Compound
19
Minerals
  • Matter Forms, Structure, and Quality
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Types of chemical bonds
  • Covalent Bond - bond formed by the sharing of
    electrons between atoms

20
Matter and Energy
  • Matter Forms, Structure, and Quality
  • The structure of atoms and molecules
  • Types of chemical bonds
  • Hydrogen Bond - occurs between molecules in which
    hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or
    fluorine
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