Environment - Friendly Potential Projects for Orissa Presented on the Occasion of First Prabasi Utkal Divas And Annual OSA Symposium on Orissa Development

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Environment - Friendly Potential Projects for
OrissaPresented on the Occasion of First
Prabasi Utkal DivasAnd Annual OSA Symposiumon
Orissa Development

• Er. Rabi Beura

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Agenda

• Background / Necessity of Pollution Control
• Present Pollution Status in Orissa (Air / Water)
• Steps already taken
• Recommendations / Proposed Steps to combat the
  problem
• Potential Pilot Projects
• Conclusion

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Background / Necessity of Pollution Control

• We are now self sufficient in food grain
  through green revolution. The revolutions for
  shelter, education and health are in full swing
  and we are going to achieve the desired target
  very soon.
• But the work done in environment sector is
  negligible. Nothing significant has been done for
  Eradication and Prevention of Air and Water
  Pollution.
• Poor people in Orissa cannot afford money
  for treatment of some diseases caused due to
  environmental pollution. Now it is high time to
  think over prevention of respiratory diseases
  mainly caused due to air pollution and other
  water borne diseases.
• NROs hesitate to stay more than a week in
  Orissa mainly due to polluted air and water
  though there are other problems like bad roads,
  traffic etc. Then how can we expect their
  involvement for Development of Orissa ? Also
  dealing with Govt. sector in Orissa is quite
  different than that of their work place abroad.

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Present Pollution Status (Air)

• AMBIENT AIR STANDARD (CPCB) 
• Annual Mean Concentration Range (µg/m3)

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Present Pollution Status (Air)

• Ambient Air Quality Data Monitored by R.O., SPCB,
  Cuttack
• (Monitoring station on the roof of Traffic
  Tower Badambadi)
• for 2004 (Conc. in µg/m3)

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Present Pollution Status (Water)

• Measured Water Quality

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Present Pollution Status (Water)

• Primary Water Quality Criteria

Designated-Best-Use
Class of Water
Criteria
Drinking Water Source without
A 1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml
shall be 50 Conventional Treatment but
or
less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved
After disinfection
Oxygen
6mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen
Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less
Outdoor Bathing (Organized) B
1.Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall
be 500 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3.
Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more 4. Biochemical
Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less
Drinking Water Source after Conventional
Treatment and disinfection C 1.Total
Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 5000 or
less 2. pH between 6and 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen
4mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5
days 20oC 3mg/l or less Propagation of Wild life
and Fisheries D 1. pH between 6
and 9 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more3.
Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2mg/l Irrigation,
Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste Disposal
E 1.pH between 6.0 and 8.5 2.
Electrical Conductivity at 25oC
micro mhos/cm Max. 2250 3. Sodium absorption
Ratio Max. 25 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l
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Present Pollution Status (Air / Water)

• Runoff from non-point sources (construction
  sites, agril lands, roads, forest activities
  etc) are released without treatment
• Critical Air Polluted Areas and Polluted Water
  bodies remain on attended

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Steps already taken

• CPCB OSPCB monitor water quality at few
  locations in Mahanadi, Brabhmani, Kathajodi,
  Kuakhai IB Rivers.
• Air Pollution monitoring station at Badambadi,
  Cuttack OSPCB
• Control and Prevention of Air and Water pollution
  at some point sources close to Industries
• Nothing significant has done for Non-Point
  Sources Pollution Control

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 1. Create public awareness on Water Act, Air Act
  and Environment Protection Act and their scope,
  main provisions etc.
• 2. Limits on pollutants entering the river from
  point and non-point sources will be fixed in
  accordance with TMDL. Waste load allocations
  should be given to watste water treatment plant
  and industry in both Municipal Corporations in
  the state.
• Non-point sources such as agricultural
  watersheds, forestry activities, road and housing
  development will be allocated with loads.
• 3. The polluted waters (streams) should be
  identified and priority for treatment should be
  fixed.
• 4. Sections 24, 25 and 26 of Water Act should be
  implemented strictly both for Industries,
  individuals and Government agencies including
  municipal corporations and whoever contraventions
  the provisions should be punished in accordance
  to sections 43 and 44.

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 5. Provision for Runoff water treatment should be
  implemented in urban areas. Builders doing
  construction work in more than 1 acre of land
  should be asked for construction of wetlands and
  treatment of runoff water before final disposal.
• 6. Exposed / bare soil in private and public
  land, roads, embankments etc should be treated
  with vegetative cover. Roads in highly populated
  areas should be dust free and wherever not
  possible, water spray can be done time to time.
• 7. The holistic watershed approach should be
  strictly followed for identification and
  treatment of problem area for surface water
  quality protection.
• 8. Different hydrologic models and watershed
  models should be used for prediction of maximum
  runoff, peak flow etc.

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5. Treatment of Surface Water From
Construction Site
Proposed Wetland Location
Constuction / Drainage Area
Surface Water Disposal
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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 9. Air polluted areas should be identified and
  treated.
• 10. A network of air and water monitoring systems
  should be established.
• 11. Storm water erosion and sediment control
  training can be made compulsory for engineers,
  contractors, builders.
• 12. Air quality improvement in heavy traffic
  locations like Badambadi bus stand area in
  Cuttack Municipal Corporation needs immediate
  attention.
• 13. Only licensed professionals should be allowed
  for all engineering construction works. Time to
  time technical training each year for some
  specific hours should be the criteria for renewal
  of licences.
• 14. Pollution data should be available through
  regional offices at district level free of cost.

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios
• Reforms in Government Organizations is
  need of the hour for efficiency and quality work
  as practiced in developed countries.
• Compulsory training to each employee
  including high level burocrats and technocrats
  for certain hours before granting annual
  increament and promotion, the existing system of
  one time minimum education at the time of
  entering the government jobs should be modified.

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios
• Encourage to train government employees
  at their own effort in Foreign countries / abroad
  or in other advanced states by granting leave
  upto 5 years without hampering their seniority in
  job and without any financial help/ part help
  (this can also help government from present
  financial burden),

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios
• Deployment of existing govt staffs (In
  stead of compulsory retirement, encourage
  voluntary retirement), involvement of Employees
  Union, due respect to common people by govt
  employees, respect to sub-ordinate staffs by
  burocrats and high level technocrats, H/ R cell
  for each department to sort out problems of
  employees, Efficiency study cell including self
  performance study by each employee, time frame
  for each work.

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios
• Eradication of corruption and proper
  initiatives to executants and officials in each
  sector on achieving certain goals.
• Different engineering works / rural
  development works should be executed by
  registered professionals, compulsory training to
  these people each year for certain hours before
  renewal of licenses by professional Institutes

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Recommendations / Steps to combat the problem
continue

• 15. Reforms in Govt. Organizatios
• Responsibility of office heads to
  extract work from each employee in a constructive
  way, work target to each employees, make 5 days
  week without reducing working hours, encourage
  govt employees for community service in their own
  field of specialization on each Saturday,
  peoples participation in government work etc can
  be adopted.

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Potential Pilot Projects

• 1. Watershed Management -Though tremendous work
  has been done in our state, still we lag
  Qualitative data and innovative ideas.
• For control of water pollution, treatment of
  surface water is most essential. The holistic
  Watershed concept should be applied in treating
  the geo-hydrologic unit contributing to the
  stream. Integrated watershed management can be
  made economical, scientifically and technically
  sound using hydrologic computer models and
  watershed computer models coupled with GIS. Using
  overlapping technique multiple layers/maps
  containing watershed boundaries, soil types,
  DEM, DTM, land use, precipitation in the
  watershed, terrain, water bodies, roads,
  development trend, employment trend etc can be
  stored, displayed, compiled and analyzed for
  different purposes. Watershed models like AGNPS,
  WEEP, SHE, RUSLE, SMR model can be used.
  Similarly for hydrologic design and modeling we
  can use HEC, HMS, TR 55. For ground water flow
  MODFLOW can be used. Choosing appropriate model
  for a particular watershed should only be done by
  watershed consultant engineers having sufficient
  experience in use of aforesaid models.

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Potential Pilot Projects

• Cont..
• Remote control technique and data imagery
  maps can be used for assessment of land use and
  erosion if the watershed is large in size and not
  accessible.
• Soil Conservation department can give technical
  support at the field level for soil and water
  conservation measures, agricultural planning,
  implementation and monitoring needs related to
  water quality limited surface waters and
  conservation of other natural resources.
  Different watershed management alternatives can
  be explored according to need of the watershed
  concerned and a Decision Support System (DSS) can
  be developed for the watershed.

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Potential Pilot Projects

• 2. GIS Mapping and Emergency Response
• Develop Geographic Information System (GIS)
  mapping and database for a pilot area, which then
  may be extended to the entire district. The GIS
  database and the map may contain layers of
  information such as, demographic, census,
  political, geographic, geologic, environmental,
  hydrologic, transportation, government
  facilities, security, emergency response, etc.
• The political and geographical boundaries
  will be spot surveyed with Global Positioning
  System (GPS) survey.
• This would tremendously benefit the
  District administrators, security authorities,
  and emergency response activities (including
  ambulatory, fire, security threats, crime
  investigation, natural disasters, relief
  distribution, etc).

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Potential Pilot Projects

• 3. Waste Management Plan
• The waste management plan may primarily
  include solid waste, hazardous waste, and waste
  water issues.
• Immediate action may begin with solid waste
  management plan and implementation on a small
  scale (pilot area) by building sustainable
  partnership. This is a common problem and the
  public can be easily educated, and implementation
  of a solid waste management plan has a better
  chance of success. This needs low infrastructure
  cost (capital cost). Biogas plants and
  bio-fertilizer plants can be established.

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Potential Pilot Projects

• 4. Long-Term Water Supply Plan
• Water supply issues to meet the long-term goal
  can be developed on a local scale and then
  extended to a larger network at a later date to
  complete the long-term water supply for the
  entire district. It needs moderate level of
  capital investment. Will develop a practical plan
  for a pilot zone based on our knowledge and
  experience. We will utilize the information
  developed so far by the government authorities
  for the state as a starting point.

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Potential Pilot Projects

• 5. Flood and Drought Control Plan
• The available hydro-meteorological
  information and the historical flooding and
  drought events for the problem area can be
  analyzed, and a plan for integrated flood and
  drought control for a pilot zone can be
  developed. This may involve moderate level of
  infrastructures and institutional involvement.
  Ultimately, the goal is to protect the public
  from at least 25-year flood and more desirably
  the 100-year flood. This would also include a
  monitoring network that may be used for future
  predictions.

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Potential Pilot Projects (from own experience)

• 6. Comprehensive Rural Development Plan
• This is an ideal goal to develop a rural area
  involving only small scale area at a time, and
  then eventually integrating similar rural
  developments on a long run.
• This would include small and low cost
  infrastructural improvement in the area involving
  GIS database and mapping, water supply
  development, waste management implementation,
  flood control, and renewable energy generation
  and distribution. Many of the ideas and concepts
  currently exist in the world (including in India)
  as independent components. The goal is to bring
  these ideas together in a cost effective and
  affordable manner.

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Watershed Map
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Piezo Locations
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DEM
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Conclusion

• Environment Friendly Projects should be given
  priority and each Proposed Project should be
  environmentally sound
• Reforms and Time to Time Training to GOs and
  NGOs are essential

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• THANKS
• For Your Time