Introduction to Neurobiology

1
Introduction to Neurobiology Channel Physiology
2
Neurobiology NST IB Questions

• Methods, development general
• Synapses, sensory transduction processing
• Cutaneous sense
• Sensory feedback from muscle
• Posture
• Higher control of movement
• Special senses
• Higher cortical limbic function

3
Lecture topics

• History and Philosophy
• Electrical properties
• Chemical properties
• Neural determination
• Vision
• Hearing

4
Discuss the Locatisation of function in the
Cerebral Cortex
5
Discuss the Locatisation of function in the
Cerebral Cortex

• History
• Methods
• Conculsion

6
Types of evidence

• Stimulation
• Recording
• Imaging
• Lesion
• Pharmacology
• Microanatomy
• Comparative
• Developmental

7
Channel Drugs

• Glycosides (Ouabain, Digoxin)
• Tetrodotoxin (TTX)
• Tetraethylammonium (TEA), Caesium
• Cyanide, Dinitrophenol (DNP)

8
Channel studies

• Extracellular electrode
• Intracellular electrode
• Voltage clamp
• Patch clamp
• Gene knockout
• Sequencing, crystallography
• Numerical simulation

9
Channel comparisons
V-gated Na
V-gated K
V-gated Ca
Na/K pump
channel
channel
channel
4
Subunits
a
a
ab
x1
x1


subunits
Domains
4
4
4
Raises
Ext Ca
threshold
Li
passes
not
pumped
Blocker
TTX
TEA
CN, DNP
glycosides
10
HH Predictions

• Repeated firing
• Threshold
• Refractoriness
• Stability
• Conduction speed
• Subthreshold oscillations

• AP shape
• Charge movement

• Kinetic behaviour of channel