As the colonies grew in the 1600

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Chapter 3

Colonies Take Root (1587-1752) (America,
History of Our Nation Textbook Pages 62-97)
As the colonies grew in the 1600s and
1700s, they became the home to people of many
lands. These people brought their own customs and
traditions. In time, they shaped these old ways
into a new American Culture.
Slide Powerpoint by Mr. Zindman
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1.The First English Settlement
How did the English set up their first colonies?
1-The French settled in the land we call Canada
today.
The Spanish settled through out the Americas. The
people from England were also determined to set
up colonies in the Americas.
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English Seeks Colonies
In 1565, Queen Elizabeth of England allowed Sir
Walter Raleigh to raise money for a colony in the
Americas.
2-The colonists landed on Roanoke an island off
the coast of present day North Carolina.
3-Within a year the colonists ran short of food
and they were quarreling with their neighboring
Indians.
When an English ship stopped in the harbor,
Raleigh and many of the settlers sailed home.
4
In 1567, Sir Walter Raleigh, sent John White, one
of the original settlers, including women and
children. When supplies ran low, White returned
back to England leaving 117 colonists behind.
Their was a war in England with Spain so White
could not return back for three years to help the
colonists.
4-When White finally came back to Roanoke he
found that the settlers disappeared without a
trace. Today no one knows what happened to these
colonists.
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Founding of Jamestown
About twenty years later, in 1606, King James I
sent a charter to the Virginia Company of London.
5-A charter is a legal document giving certain
rights to a person or company.
6-The charter gave the Virginia Company the right
to settle in the on the Atlantic coastline,
called Virginia.
The land was called Virginia. The charter granted
the people of Virginia the same rights as English
citizens.
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7-The Virginia Company named their settlement
Jamestown, in 1607, after their King, James I.
By 1609-1610 the town was near failure due to
poor management . 8- Captain John Smith saved the
settlement by forcing the settlers to farm. Soon
afterwards Jamestown settlers faced many
hardships during this time.
9-The relationship with the Powhatan Indians
worsened so they did not supply the settlers with
food. In addition the settlers faced the worst
winter of their lives. The settlers quickly were
forced into starvation.
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10-The colony survived by switching over to
growing tobacco.
Since the 1580s smoking tobacco became
fashionable, this made growing tobacco plants
very profitable for the colonists in Jamestown.
Soon afterwards the Jamestown colony prospered
and attracted more settlers.
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To attract more people to move to Jamestown, the
Virginia Company set also up a different type of
government. The new government made a point to
consult the settlers on every important decision
made in the colony. They set up a Virginia
charter modeled from English government.
They elected male representatives to the
government, called burgesses. The burgesses met
in an assembly called the House of Burgesses.
Together with the governor and his council, they
made the laws for the colony.
The House of Burgesses marked the beginning
of a representative government. 12- In a
representative government, voters elect
representatives to make laws for them.
Learn more about the House of Burgesses by
reading page 69 in your textbook
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English Traditions
The idea that people had political rights
was deeply rooted in English history. In 1215
English nobles forced the King John to sign the
Magna Carta, or Great Charter. 13-This document
said the King could not raise taxes without first
consulting the great nobles and church leaders.
Click on the Magna Carta to learn more about it
In time these rights were extended to other
people and this council grew into a
representative assembly, called the Parliament.
The Parliament was divided into the House of
Lords, made up of nobles, and the elected House
of Commons.
How is the Parliament similar to the government
in the United States of America?
14-They both elected representatives to make laws.
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Women in Virginia
The colonies first women arrived in 1619. The
Virginia company sent 100 women to help make the
men more settled. Living in the colonies was a
hardship for the women.
15-They had to make everything from scratch-
including clothing, food, and medicines.
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Africans come to America
Records show that 15 black men and women were
living in the colonies. In 1619, a Dutch ship
landed in Jamestown with 20 Africans. The Dutch
sold the Africans to the Virginians to help grow
tobacco.
By 1644 about 300 Africans lived in the colonies.
Some were slaves for life. Records show that
some Africans were slaves in the colonies and
some were not.
16-It was not until the 1600's that Virginia
would set up a system allowing colonists to
enslave Africans.
Until this time Africans could own land and
property in Virginia.
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The Plymouth Colony
It was not easy to practice your religion in the
colonies. Protestants, Christians, and Jews did
not get along. Most European countries believed
the country had to support a chosen religion, or
established church.
People that did not follow the established church
were often prosecuted.
17-Religious prosecution is the mistreatment or
punishment of certain people because of their
beliefs.
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In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the Americas.
They did not seek gold or silver.
18-A Pilgrim is a person who takes a religious
journey.
All Pilgrims wanted was to practice their
religion freely. They were often jailed or
executed for their beliefs that differed from the
English Church.
In September they got permission to set up a
colony in Virginia. They boarded the ship called
the Mayflower and landed two months later on the
shore of Cape Cod. This is present day
Massachusetts.
19-They named their colony, Plymouth.
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The Mayflower Compact
Gathering together the pilgrims set up their own
government. They signed the Mayflower Compact.
20-The compact said that they would all agree to
consult each other about the laws of the colony.
In time they set up a government in which adult
male colonists elected a governor and council.
Like Virginias Great Charter, a representative
government was set up.
The desire for the Pilgrims to worship freely set
up a precedent, or example, for others to follow.
15
The Native American Indians helped the settlers
face many hardships, like the first harsh winter.
21-An Indian named Squanto brought the Pilgrims
seeds of native plants-corn, beans and pumpkins.
He taught the settlers how to fish. In the fall
the settlers had a good harvest. They invited the
Native American Indians to share their thanks for
the wonderful harvest.
22-Americans today celebrate this day as
Thanksgiving Day, a national holiday.
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2. The New England Colonies
How did religious beliefs and dissent influence
the New England Colonies?
13 colonies
The New England Colonies
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More than 1,000 men, women and children left
England in 1630 to settle in the Americas.
23-They set up their colony in Massachusetts Bay,
North of Plymouth.
Over the next 100 years, English settlers would
build towns and farms throughout New England.
Click on the rock to learn more.
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Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
24-The Puritans were a religious group that
wanted to reform the church in England.
They were different from the Pilgrims, who wanted
to separate entirely from the English church.
The Puritans wanted a simpler form of worship.
Puritans were a powerful group in England. Many
were well-educated merchants. The Puritans were
convinced that the English church was not moving
with modern times so the asked for a charter to
set up the Massachusetts Bay Company in New
England.
25-The Puritans did not believe in religious
toleration-recognition that other people have the
right to different opinions.
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The Puritans sailed to New England and set up
their colony in Massachusetts.
26-John Winthrop was elected the first governor
of the colony.
As the new governor he passed laws without the
people say and heavily taxed the colonists.
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Winthrop quickly realized that people must have
say in their government if things were to run
smoothly. The Massachusetts Bay Company was set
up under the leadership of Winthrop and other
27-Puritans they granted up their own assembly to
govern themselves. This was called the General
Court.
Under the leadership of Winthrop the town grew
and later was called Boston.
I want people to have a voice in government
Winthrop
Winthrop
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Thomas Hooker Settles Connecticut
In May 1636, about 100 settlers, led by a Puritan
minister named Thomas Hooker, left Massachusetts
Bay Colony. They moved west and settled in a town
they called Hartford.
28-Hooker left Massachusetts because he felt the
government had too much power. He wanted to set
up a government that did not have strict laws and
limit government powers.
In 1639, the settlers wrote up a plan of
government called the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut. 30-Under the Orders you did not have
to be a male church member to vote. It also
limited the governments power. As a result the
towns thrived. In 1662 the King of England
granted a charter to the settlers. Soon 15 towns
were located along the Connecticut River.
29-Thomas Hooker founded the State we call
Connecticut today.
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Problems in Massachusetts Bay
Roger Williams was another settler that disagreed
with the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
31-Williams felt the duty of the church and state
should be separate.
He also felt that the Indians should be paid for
the land that was taken from them.
Williams also believed in religious Toleration.
Toleration means a willingness to let others
practice their own beliefs. Puritans and
non-Puritans could not practice their religions
freely. In 1635, Williams was ordered by the
Massachusetts court to leave the colony.
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Fearing that he would be sent back to England,
Roger Williams escaped to Narragansett Bay. There
he made friends with the Indians and purchased
some land from them.
32-He later settled in this land he called Rhode
Island.
He allowed complete freedom of religion , or
toleration, for all Protestants, Jews and
Catholics
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Anne Hutchinson Speaks Out
In 1634, Anne Hutchinson, left the Massachusetts
Bay Colony.
33-She held bible readings in her home in Rhode
Island. She criticized the religious beliefs of
the Puritans.
She was put on trial for her religious beliefs.
She lost the trial but became a symbol of
religious freedom. Hutchinson established a
settlement on an island that is now a part of
Rhode island today.
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Settling Connecticut
John Wheelright as also forced to leave
Massachusetts because he agreed with some of Anne
Hutchinsons views.
34-In 1638, Wheelright and some followers moved
to New Hampshire, where they founded their own
town.
The king tried to control New Hampshire but he
was unsuccessful. Finally in 1680, the King of
England made New Hampshire a separate colony.
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Growth and Change
Each Puritan town governed itself by setting up
town meetings.
35-A town meeting was an assembly of townspeople
that decided on local issues.
Membership to town meetings was restricted to
male heads of households.
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Puritans at War With Native Americans King
Philips War
36-In 1675, the Wampanoag Indians led my chief
Metacom, also known as King Philip, attacked the
colonists of New England for taking over their
land.
The war lasted about a year. At the end of the
war the colonists captured 1,000 of the Indians
and sold them into slavery in the West Indies.
The English people killed King Philip and
expanded their colonies.
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Click on the pictures on the left and right to
learn more about them.
Some Native Americans helped the settlers.
Pocahontas and John Smith
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Life in New England Towns and Villages
New England was a difficult land for the
colonists.
37-The soil was rocky and poor for farming.
After some time colonists learned how to grow
Native American crops such as corn, beans and
squash.
38-The woods were full of deer, hogs and turkeys
for hunting. New Englanders fished in coastal
waters for cod and halibut. In the 1600s many
New Englanders began hunting whales. In the 1700
to1800s whaling grew into a big business.
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During the 1600s, Puritan people were very
religious. They took the Sabbath (Sunday) very
seriously. No one could work or play games on
that day. Women had to sit on the other side of
the men in the church.
Blacks and Indians had to stay in the back or
balcony.
39-Many crimes were punished by the death
penalty. One crime punished by death was
witchcraft.
In 1692, Puritans executed 20 men and women as
witches in the Salem village, Massachusetts.
40-The average Puritan family had 7-8 children.
They saw children as a blessing of God. As a
result of the climate many people reached the
age of 70.
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How did the diverse Middle Colonies develop and
thrive?
3.The Middle Colonies
By the mid-1700s, England had four colonies in
the region of New England. Because of their
location between New England and the Southern
Colonies they were known as the Middle Colonies.
The Dutch set up a colony of New Netherlands
along the Hudson River. The colonists traveled
with the Indians and built the settlement of New
Amsterdam. Rich people in New Amsterdam were
granted large parcels of land. One grant was as
big as the State of Rhode Island
41-Owners of these huge lands or manors were
called patroons.
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New Amsterdam/ New York
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New York and New Jersey
New Netherlands Becomes New York
In return for the grant, each patroon promised to
settle 50 European families on the land. Most
Dutch colonists were Protestants but they allowed
other religions to practice their own religion on
their land. In 1664, England and the Netherlands
fought in a war over trade in Europe. War broke
out over trade and the King of England King
Charles II took over the city of New Amsterdam.
Click on the picture to learn more about New York
City.
New York City Today The city used to be called
New Amsterdam.
He gave the land to his brother, the Duke of
York.
42-King Charles II renamed it the colony of New
York after the Duke of York.
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New Jersey Separates From New York
New York was too big for the Duke of York to
govern so he decided to give some of the land to
his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George
Carteret.
43-They set up a proprietary colony- proprietary
colony was a colony created by a grant of land
from a monarch to an individual or a family.
The people in charge of this land were called
proprietors. The proprietors were free to divide
up their land to others. They were also free to
make up the laws for their land. Many people were
attracted to New Jersey from many lands.
44-In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony,
which was a colony under control of the English
crown.
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Pennsylvania and Delaware
45-William Penn, an Englishman, founded the
colony of Pennsylvania.
At the age of 22 he joined a despised group
called the Quakers. Like Pilgrims and Puritans,
Quakers were protestant reformers.
46-Quakers believed that all people were equal in
the eyes of God. All men, women, nobles and
commoners were equal.
To most English people the beliefs of the Quakers
were wicked. Quakers were hanged and arrested for
their beliefs.
William Penn, a proprietor or a large tract of
land, appealed to King Charles for help. King
Charles made Penn a proprietor of a large tract
of land in North America. He named the new colony
Pennsylvania. Penn wanted equal treatment for all
people and religions. People went to Pennsylvania
to escape religious persecution. Soon afterwards
the English officials forced Penn to turn away
Catholic and Jewish settlers.
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Among the new arrivals were large numbers of
German speaking Protestants. They became known as
the Pennsylvania Dutch. African slaves were also
brought to Pennsylvania.
47-Penn also called for equal treatment for
Native American Indians and Africans.
Settlers in the lower countries did not want to
send delegates to a far away assembly in
Philadelphia. In 1704 William Penn allowed the
people in the lower countries to elect their own
assembly. Later the lower countries broke away to
form the colony of Delaware. The next slide will
show pictures from Pennsylvania.
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Life in the Middle Colonies
Farmers found better growing conditions in the
Middle Colonies than in England. The land of the
Hudson and Delaware was great for planting crops.
The land was called the backcountry . The back
country was a frontier region extending through
several colonies, from Pennsylvania to Georgia.
The winters in the Middle Colonies were warmer
and the growing season was longer.
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Farmers produced surpluses of wheat, barley, and
rye.
48-These were cash crops, or produce that was
sold for money in the world market.
49-The Middle colonies exported so much grain
that they were called the Breadbasket Colonies.
Farmers in the middle colonies also raised cattle
and pigs. They sent tons of beef, pork, and
butter to ports in New York.
39
Skilled German settlers, encouraged by William
Penn, set up their shops in Pennsylvania. In time
Pennsylvania became the center of manufacturing
and crafts.
50-They made hardware, clocks, watches locks,
glass, stoneware, nails and paper.
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The Back Country
The different groups that settled in the Middle
Colonies had their own favorite way of building
homes. Swedish settlers built log cabins. The
Dutch used red bricks to build their homes.
German settlers developed a wood burning stove
that heated a home better. In the 1700s,
thousands of German and Scottish-Irish settlers
arrived in Philadelphias booming port. From
Philadelphia they headed west into the
backcountry, the area of land along the eastern
slopes of the Appalachian Mountains.
51-Settlers followed the old Iroquois trail. This
trail became known as the Great Wagon Road.
To farm settlers had to clear thick forests. From
Indians, settlers learned how to make candles
from pine trees to light their homes. They made
dishes from wooden logs and hunted wild animals
for food. Many settlers that arrived in the
backcountry alarmed the Indians. Disputes between
the Indians and settlers occurred very often.
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How did the diverse Middle Colonies develop and
thrive?
4.The Southern Colonies
In 1763 to Englishmen, Charles Mason and Jeremiah
Dixon began to look over the 244-mile boundary
between Maryland and Pennsylvania (or between the
Southern and Middle colonies.)
52-They carefully laid two stone markers at the
borders of the two colonies (Maryland and
Pennsylvania.)
They called this boundary the Mason-Dixon Line.
Below the Mason Dixon Line, the Southern Colonies
developed their own way of life different from
the other English Colonies.
Do not cross my line!
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Bacons Rebellion
Many people had settled in Virginia. They were
lured there because of the promise of the profits
from tobacco. Wealthy planters took the best land
near the coast. Newcomers had to move inland near
the Indians. Indians and settlers had many
clashes and wars over the land. The Governor
would not take action against the Indians.
53-Finally, in 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a young
planter, organized some angry men and women
against the Indians.
He led a revolt against the Native American
villages. Then he burned down Jamestown. This
uprising became known as Bacons Rebellion. The
government stopped Bacon and his followers.
Twenty-three of Bacons follows were hanged.
Bacon was killed in a revolt.
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Lord Baltimores Maryland
In 1632, Sir George Calvert convinced King
Charles I to grant him land for a colony in the
Americas. Calvert was Protestant but he changed
his beliefs to the Catholic Religion.
54-He planned to build a colony called Maryland,
where Catholics could practice their religion
freely. When Sir George died his son, Lord
Baltimore pushed on with his dads project.
In the spring of 1634, two hundred colonists
landed in the Chesapeake Bay, across from
Englands first southern colony. Maryland was
truly a land of plenty. Chesapeake Bay was full
of fish, oysters and crabs. Across the bay
Virginians were already growing tobacco for
profit.
55-Lord Baltimore was appointed the Governor of
Maryland.
He gave out generous land grants to encourage
people to settle in Maryland.
Lord Baltimore welcomed Catholics and Protestants
to the colony. In 1649, he asked the people to
pass an Act of Toleration.
56-The act provided religious freedom for all
Christians. This freedom did not extend to Jewish
people.
44
The Carolinas
57-South of Virginia and Maryland, English
colonists settled in a region called the
Carolinas.
In the North of the Carolinas settlers were poor
tobacco farmers. In the South, a group of eight
rich nobles set up a larger colony.
58-In 1685, a few planters discovered that rice
grew well in the lowly swamplands along the
coast.
Before long, Carolina Rice became a valuable
crop traded around the world. The planters also
grew indigo, a plant used to make valuable blue
dye. The farmers needed large numbers of workers
to grow rice and grow indigo. They tried to
enslave the Indians to do the work but they died
of diseases or mistreatment. Planters turned to
slaves from Africa. By 1700, most people coming
to Carolina were African men and women brought
against their will. The North part of Carolina
did not have slaves. The South part did have
slaves.
Slave house in South Carolina 1860
The issue of slavery led to the differences
between the two areas. They could not settle
their differences so they separated into 2
different settlements called North and South
Carolina.
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Georgia A Haven for Debtors
The last colony was carved out of the southern
part of South Carolina.
59-James Oglethorpe, a respected solider, founded
Georgia in 1732.
He wanted Georgia to be a place where people were
jailed for debts in England could find a new
life. People that owed money were called debtors.
Under English law, if you owed money, you were a
debtor, and did not pay up you could be placed
in jail. In 1733 Oglethorpe and 120 colonists
built the colonies first settlement named the
Savannah.
He forbid slavery and did not allow very large
farms. He attracted the poor people to settle in
his lands. Soon afterwards, Oglethorpe changed
his rules. He allowed large plantations and
slavery. Slavery grew very rapidly in Georgia on
the plantations.
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5. Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
How did the Spanish establish colonies on the
borderlands?
60-In 1693 the Spanish colonies offered freedom
to enslaved Africans that escaped to Florida.
The Spanish wanted to weaken English control on
the colonies. They would be given land if they
helped protect the Spanish. By the 1700d
hundreds of enslaved Africans escaped to Florida.
61-In 1693 the Spanish colonies offered freedom
to enslaved Africans that escaped to Florida.
The Spanish wanted to weaken English control on
the colonies. They would be given land if they
helped protect the Spanish. By the 1700s
hundreds of enslaved Africans escaped to Florida.
47
Settling the Spanish Borderlands
The most important Spanish colonies were in
Mexico and South America. Its territories north
of Mexico were called borderlands, meaning lands
along the frontier.
62-The main function of the Spanish borderlands
was to protect Mexico from other European powers.
Juan de Onate in New Mexico
63-In 1598 Juan de Onate led a Spanish expedition
into New Mexico.
He aimed to find gold, convert the Native
Americans to Christianity, and establish a
permanent colony. Ornate never found gold but he
set up a colony he called Santa Fe.
48
Roman Catholic missionaries set up churches on
the Spanish borderlands. Junipero Serra set up a
mission that later became the city of San Diego.
Soon after wards he established a mission in the
cities of San Francisco and Los Angles. He
founded 20 missions in California between 1769
and 1800.
64-Along with missions, Spain set up military
outposts or forts called presidios.
65-The Spanish also set up civilian towns they
called pueblos.
pueblo
presidio
49
The Spanish used the native Americans to labor on
the missions.
66-They were severely punished if they failed to
follow the rules. They farmed and built churches.
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