Project Echelon: Surveillance of Long, Linear, Static Structures The OSU Team Kickoff

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Project Echelon Surveillance of Long, Linear,
Static Structures The OSU Team Kickoff
January 2004
2
Retreat Goals

• To think through document
• Requirements
• User, Hardware, Middleware Application
• Metrics
• Operational Technical
• Process
• Roles
• Internal External

3
New Team Members

• Rajiv Ramnath Project Management
• Prasun Sinha Tier 2 (802.11a) Networking
• Emre Ertin our EE person ?
• Signal Processing
• Hardware

4
Concept of OperationsPrimary Effort

• Problem
• Too vast an area for limited personnel resources
  (mobile guards)
• Hostile actions
• Destruction (explosives)
• Damage to pumps and transformers
• Stripping of copper power lines (for pumps)
• Operational Need
• Reliable automated surveillance to detect
  movement in security zone
• FY04 Experiment
• Sense movement of personnel and/or vehicles
  toward the pipeline
• Track the movement and the stop/start of movement

Pipeline
Damage in Iraq
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Concept of Operations (cont.)Primary Effort
Detection and tracking of vehicles
Mobile Patrol
Pipeline
10 km
Pump Station
Detection of unknowns
?
Guard Force Alerted
Pipeline
Security Zone
Detection and tracking of personnel
1 km
Reaction Force
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CONOPSRelated Efforts
Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures
Enemy Observation Point (OP)

• Surveillance of Supply Routes
• Detect potential ambush sites
• Personnel w/shoulder fired weapons (e.g., RPGs)
• IEDs
• FY04 Experiment
• Sense movement of personnel/vehicles toward
  supply route, and then
• They remain near a point
• They remain for a while and then leave
• Sense suspicious movement on the road

Wire to OP
IED
IED
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Candidate Applications
Convoy protection 1D
Detect anomalous driving patterns on road
Convoy protection 2D
Detect anomalous activity along roadside
Hide Site
IED
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CONOPSRelated Efforts
Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures

• Border Surveillance
• Detect illegal border crossings
• U.S. Customs
• Military operations in Iraq
• FY04 Experiment
• Detect movement of personnel/vehicles across area
  adjacent to a border

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Comparison
Delay tolerance
Hot problem
Full network
Existing comms
Processing load
No alternative
Existing sensors
Hardware tolerance
Cost/length
CONOPS
Kansas Pipeline
Northern border
Colombian Pipeline
2D Convoy protection
1D Convoy protection
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Preliminary Program PlanSystem Metrics

• Operational Metrics
• Latency
• lt10 seconds (90 of the time)
• Probability of False Alarm (Pfa)
• lt1 per day
• Probability of Detection (Pd)
• 0.99 for vehicles
• 0.95 for dismounts
• Classification
• TBD
• XSM Node Lifetime
• TBD
• Relay Node Lifetime
• TBD
• Network Deployment time
• lt1 hour
• Network Uninstallation time
• lt 1 hour
• Cost

• Technical Metrics
• Robustness
• Of node
• Of network
• Sensor coverage
• Sensor density
• Effective bandwidth
• Of first-tier network
• Of second-tier network
• Endurance
• Of node
• Of network

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Preliminary Program PlanTechnology Transition

• Transition Partners
• Transition Process
• Joint DARPA/Partner identification of operational
  challenges and potential solutions
• DARPA development of technical solution to
  operational challenges
• Joint evaluation of technical solution
• Joint Memorandum of Agreeement (MOA) / Memorandum
  of Understanding (MOU)

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Experiment Site Characteristics

• Relatively flat, open area
• Easy for observers to see large section of
  experiment site
• No forests
• No large physical obstructions to line-of-site
  comms
• Relatively good weather (little rain, light
  winds, etc.)

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Final Demo Experiment Sites

• Candidate Sites
• Naval Air Weapons Facility, China Lake
• 150 miles NE of Los Angeles
• Encompasses 1.1 million acres of land in
  California's upper Mojave Desert, ranging in
  altitude from 2,100 to 8,900 feet
• Varies from flat dry lake beds to rugged piñon
  pine covered mountains.
• Weather should be consistent
• Summer will be hot

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WPAFB Experiment Site
The area in the red ellipse is the one for the
test range. It is approximately 7500 x 2500.
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Another improvised view of the area.
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OSU Experiment Site

• Don Scott Airfield North Runway area .5km x
  .5km
• Internal Testbed Space Candidates
• North Rec Centre (floor)
• Warehouses in Kinnear or Goodale area (may have
  to pay for space)

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Preliminary Program PlanRoles and
Responsibilities
Systems Integration Ohio State
Technology Development
Display Unit Ohio State
Xtreme Scaling Mote Crossbow Technology
Relay Node Crossbow Technology
Sensors Crossbow

• Middleware Services
• Clock Sync (UCLA,OSU)
• Group Formation (OSU, UCB)
• Localization (UIUC)
• Remote Programming (UCB)
• Routing (OSU, UCB)
• Sensor Fusion (OSU)
• Power Management (UCB)
• Relay Node Services (UCLA)

Application Layer Ohio State UC Berkeley
Operating System UC Berkeley
GUI Ohio State
Application Tools Ohio State UCLA UC Berkeley
MAC Layer UC Berkeley

• Auxiliary Services
• Testing (OSU, MITRE, CNS Technologies)
• Monitoring, logging, and testing infrastructure
  (UCB, OSU)
• Evaluation (MITRE)
• Logistics, site planning (CNS Technologies, OSU)
• ConOps development (Puritan Research, CNS
  Technologies, SouthCom, US Customs Border
  Protection, MITRE, OSU)

• Simulation tools (UCB, UCLA, Vanderbilt, OSU)

Transition Partners USSOUTHCOM, U.S. Customs
Border Protection, USSOCOM, AFRL
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Agenda (Friday)

• 9am                Team introduction Goals for
  the retreat    Preliminary Application and
  ConOps                        Requirements and
  Metrics                       Hardware,
  Middleware, Application Architecture overview 
  10am              Risks (Rajiv
  Ramnath)
• 1030-11am     TimeSync (Ted Herman)
• 11am-12noon   Localization (Ted
  Herman)12-1pm            Lunch brought in
  (Oxleys)1-145pm         Echelon topology
  (SK)145-215pm    Clustering Group
  Management (MD)200-3pm        Simulation
  (Mikhail Nesterenko)315-400pm   
  Monitoring  (SB)4-5pm             Power
  management (SK)
•  615pm            Out-of-towners Dinner
• (Host Prof. CK Chang, China Dynasty on
  Lane Ave)

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Agenda (Saturday)

• 9am                Routing (Mohamed Gouda,
  HZ)10-1030         TDMA (Sandeep Kulkarni,
  HZ)1030-noon      Localization (w/ Gul Agha
  [phone])12-130pm       Lunch brought in
  (Chipotle)
• 130-2pm         Border Patrol (Rajiv
  Ramnath)  2-3pm    Tier 2 networking
  (Prasun Sinha)3-4pm         Hardware
  (PD, Emre Ertin, HC)                
  Antenna discussion400-500         Process
  discussion (Rajiv Ramnath)    
• 5pm                 Budget515pm           
  ALineInTheSand writeups planning6pm
  Dinner (Everyone to Anish's residence)

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Agenda (Sunday)

• 9am Taking Stock, Planning
• 930-1130 Requirements and Metrics
• Application, ConOps, Hardware specifications
• 1130am-1   New research ideas               
     MobiLoc                   BGP

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To Do

• Sign Up for Lunch