Adolescent Growth and Development

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Adolescent Growth and Development

• Chapter 4

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Terms

• Adolescence- 2nd stage of life, ages 10-22.
• When most biological, psychological, and social
  changes occur
• Preparing for adulthood

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Terms cont.

• Puberty- the point in the human development when
  sexual maturity begins.
• Growth- change in size
• Maturation- a biological progress toward a
  mature, or adult, state.

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Growth

• Height and weight
• Growth spurts
• Girls- 10-11
• Boys- 12-13
• Girls often taller
• 18 and 16
• Final growth

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Weight

• Put on weight
• Weight gain during adolescence
• Girls- 35
• Boys- 45
• Charts on 73-76 in book

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Body Composition

• Definition- The make up of lean and fat tissue in
  the body.
• Fat free mass (lean body mass)
• Fat mass
• Measuring fat mass
• Hydrostatic
• Skin fold
• Body Mass Index (BMI)

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Body Type

• 3 body types (somatotypes)
• Endomorph
• Mesomorph
• Ectomorph
• Body types influence physical activity
• When teaching, this is a sensitive subject, be
  careful not to embarrass

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Awkardness and Motor Skill Development

• During rapid growth, students my find themselves
  very clumsy.
• Some may become self conscious about their bodies
  or general appearance.
• Students begin to wonder, Will I ever stop
  growing? Am I gaining weight and is it bad?

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Maturation

• Skeletal Age
• Bones harden with age
• Dental Maturity
• Deciduous and permanent teeth
• Sexual Maturity
• Menarche
• Late bloomers
• Endocrine gland
• Onset of puberty

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Puberty Girls vs. Boys

• Girls
• Complete over 3-4 year period
• Stage One- 10-12 years old
• Stage Two- beginning of menarche
• Regular physical activity
• Boys
• Enter 2 years after girls
• Begin sexual development around 12-14
• Stage One
• Stage Two
• Spermarche

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Endocrine System

• Increased levels of sebum
• Acne
• Body Odor
• Voice changes
• Heart grows
• Lungs and capacity grow
• CNS continues to grow and mature
• Digestive system grows and matures

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Cognitive Development

• Abstract thinking
• Consider possibilities and move to a more
  idealistic perspective
• Greater ability to solve problems and think
  logically
• Identify problems and systemically test for
  solutions

13
Affective Development

• What is it?
• The personal and social development of
  adolescents.
• Emotions
• Anger
• Anxiety
• Worry
• Self Concept- how one assesses her own abilities,
  behavior and personality.
• Self Esteem- how a person describes them self
  based on how others perceive her.
• 6 components in developing positive self-esteem
  and self-concept
• Security
• Selfhood
• Belongingness
• Purpose
• Competence
• virtue

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Who am I?

• Identity- Who am I?
• This question takes up most of a teenagers time.
• Role Models
• Friendships with peers

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Nutrition

• 14 overweight youth
• 61 overweight adults
• Ages 20-74 years, the prevalence of overweight
  people has increased to 35 of the population in
  1999.
• Obese moms and dads obese kids

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Eating Disorders

• Anorexia Nervosa- the pursuit of thinness
  through starvation.
• Distorted body images
• Intense and irrational fear of becoming fat
• Bulimia- individuals who engage in a binge-purge
  eating pattern.
• Self-perpetuating and self-defeating eating
  cycles
• In a zone.
• Binge Eating
• A lot like Bulimia, but no purging
• Binge eat to suppress feelings or stuff emotions

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Drug Abuse

• Affects the growth and development of our youth.
• Drugs fall into 2 categories
• Licit drugs- legal drugs
• Alcohol and tobacco
• Illicit drugs- illegal drugs
• Marijuana, inhalants, methamphetamines, club
  drugs, and steroids.

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Child Abuse and Neglect

• Abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is an act or
  failure to act on the part of a parent or
  caretaker which results in death, serious
  physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or
  exploitation of a child.
• Hundreds of thousands or children are neglected
  and abused each year
• Child maltreatment
• 54 between birth and 3 years of age
• African Americans had highest rate, followed by
  American Indians-Alaska Natives, Hispanics,
  Whites, and Asian-Pacific Islanders

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• Physical abuse- physical injury caused by
  kicking, punching, burning, shaking, etc.
• Child neglect- failure to provide for a childs
  basic needs. Can be physical, emotional,
  medical, educational.
• Sexual abuse- fondling a childs genitals,
  intercourse, incest, rape, etc. Most unreported
  form of abuse.
• Emotional abuse- emotional injury caused by
  verbal abuse, bizarre forms of punishments,
  neglect, and any act or omission on the part of
  the caregiver that causes sever changes to
  behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and mental
  status.