Unit 1, Book4

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Unit 1, Book4

• An Integrated English Course

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Unit 1

• Part ? Pre-reading activities
• Part ? Text A
• Part ? Text B
• Part ? Post-reading activities

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Pre-reading questions

• 1. What do you know of Winston Churchill?
• 2. Do you know when World War II broke out? What
  else do you know about it?
• 3. Can you guess what the texts in this unit are
  going to be about?
• 4. During World War I, which countries were the
  main Allies(???), and which the main Central
  Powers(???)?
• 
  back

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Never Give In, Never, Never, Never

• Text A

• Winston Churchill

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Cultural Notes

• ??? ???( Winston Churchill ) 1874?11?30?
  ?????????,????????????1895? ??4???????????????????
  ?,??? ???????
• 1899?????,??????????????? ?????1900??????????,?
  ???,?? ????????????????,??????????
  ?,1904???????,????????1906? ??????????,???????????
  ?,190 8??????????????????????????
  ???????????8????????????? ?????,????????????????
  ???? ????????????

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(No Transcript)
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Cultural Notes

• Winston Churchill
• Churchill became Britains Prime Minister
• and Minister of Defense in 1940, and was
• reelected as Prime Minister in 1951. His
• radio speeches during World War?gave
• the British people a strong determination
• to win the war.
• 
  (1874-1965)
• I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears
  and sweat.

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Cultural Notes

• Winston Churchill, a British Conservative
• statesman, orator, and writer, was noted
• for his leadership during World War II.
• He held various posts under both
• Conservative and Liberal governments,
• including First Lord of the Admiralty (????)
  (1911-1915, 1939-1940), and Chancellor of the
  Exchequer (1924 -1929) before becoming Prime
  Minister (1940-1945, 1951-1956).

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Cultural Notes

• His writings include The World Crisis (1923
  -1929), The Second World War (1948 -1953), and A
  History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956
  -1958). He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in
  1953.

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Cultural Notes

• During World War I, which countries were the main
  Allies(???), and which the main Central
  Powers(???)?
• The main Allies were France, Russia, Italy and
  the US, while the main Central Powers, Germany,
  Austria-Hungary and Turkey.

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Cultural Notes

• What was the direct cause for the Allies --
  British and Frances -- declaration of war
  against Germany that started World War II?
• The direct cause was the German invasion of
  Poland on Sept.1, 1939.

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Language study

• 1. ups and downs a mixture of good things and
  bad things
• Example The organization has experienced its
  ups and downs since it was founded in 1999.
• Sitting beside the window, he
  recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood.
• 2. position situation at a particular time
• Examples It is time those companies revealed
  more about the financial position.
• Their soccer team is going
  to be in a very difficult position if nothing
  particular shows up.

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Language study

• 3.The unmeasured menace of the enemy the immense
  or incalculable threat or danger of the enemy
  attack.
• menace a person or thing that is likely to
  cause harm a threat or danger.
• Example He is speaking to me with menace.
• The escaped criminals are a
  menace to social security.
• The boy is really a menace.
  ?????????
• 4. What is short and sharp and what is long and
  tough difficulties and hardships of any kind,
  imminent or distant, temporary or long-lasting.

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Language study

• 5. Throwing our minds back to our meeting here
  ten months ago recollecting our meetings at
  Harrow School ten months ago.
• Example Please throw your mind back to 1945,
  when people all over the world were engaged in a
  great and cruel war against the Fascists.
• 6. noble chance of war impressive opportunities
  of war.
• 7. appearances are often very deceptive surface
  phenomena tend to be misleading.
• 8. meet with experience undergo
• Example Attempts to find civilian volunteers
  have met with embarrassing failure.

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Language study

• 9.pray to be given that extra courage to carry
  this far-reaching imagination wish to be
  equipped with excessive courage to accomplish or
  realize this effective and influential
  blueprint.
• far-reaching having important and widely
  applicable effects or implications.
• Example the far-reaching consequences ?????
• 10. conviction of honor and good sense strong
  beliefs in honor and good judgement of duty and
  justice
• conviction a strong belief or opinion
• Example He is a man of strong convictions.
  

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Language study

• 11. yield to give in or surrender
• Example The government didnt yield to
  terrorism.
• 12. drawn a sponge across her slate wipe out
• Example She sponged her childs face with
  a handkerchief.

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Language study

• 13.stand in the gap shoulder the responsibility
  in isolation
• Example At the critical moment of world
  economic recession, a powerful government is
  needed to stand in the gap.
• gap (???)???
• Example We could see the house through a gap
  in the wall.

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Language study

• 14. overwhelm vt. make (sb.) feel completely
  helpless, astonished, or embarrassed. ??,??
• Example At the age of forty, he was overwhelmed
  with work, illness and family problems.
• Overwhelmed by the disaster,
• A past participial phrase, usually that of a
  transitive verb(????), can function as an
  adverbial modifying the main verb of the sentence
  to indicate cause, time, condition etc.
• Example
• As he was overwhelmed by the disaster, he retired
  with his family to a country retreat in Surrey.
• Overwhelmed by the disaster, he retired with
  his family to a country retreat in Surrey.

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Language study

• 15. We have only to persevere to conquer we have
  no choice but to hold on until victory comes.
• persevere continue in a course of action
  even in the face of difficulties or with little
  or no indication of success ????, ????
• Example He persevered amidst all these
  difficulties.?????????,????????
• persevere in ones studies ???????
• perseverance
• Perseverance leads to success.

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Language study

• 16. catastrophic involving or causing sudden
  great damage or suffering.
• catastrophe n.
• Example He could be heading for catastrophe in
  the election.
• 17. lull a temporal interval or quiet or lack of
  activity
• Example a lull in the fight.
• The storm has lulled.
• 18.deceptive giving an appearance or impression
  different from the true one misleading.
• Example Appearance can be deceptive.
• deception n.
• deceive vt.

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Language study

• 19. impostor one who deceives under the assumed
  identity
• 20. flinch avoid doing or becoming involved in
  sth through fear or anxiety.
• Example You mustnt flinch from
  difficulties.

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Text Organization
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
1 1 This part is opening remarks in which Churchill summarized the great events that had happened in the world with Great Britain in particular and then talked about the purpose of his visit.
2 2 -5 Analyzes the world situation and how other countries looked at Britain and then called on the British people not to give in.
3 6-8 By changing a word in the additional verse of the school song, he expressed his conviction that this nation was determined to fight for the victory of this great war.
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Text B

• Winston Churchill

• John Keegan

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About the author

• Historian John Keegan is the defense and military
  specialist for London's Daily Telegraph.

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Comprehension questions of Text II

• 1. When and how did Churchill step onto the world
  stage?
• Churchill stepped onto the world stage at the
  outbreak of the First World War in 1914 in the
  capacity of the First Lord of the Admiralty of
  Great Britain.

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Comprehension questions of Text II

• 2. Why did Churchill hope the USA could join the
  war against Hitler?
• Because he knew very well that his country alone
  was not demographically, industrially or
  financially strong enough to win the victory of
  the war against the Nazis and the intervention of
  the USA, the most powerful country in the world,
  would bring the war to its end much sooner.

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Comprehension questions of Text II

• 3. In what way, according to the author of this
  text, was Churchill a successful statesman?
• Ever since he became the premier of his country,
  Churchill placed his hope of final victory on the
  intervention of the USA. In order to get the USA
  involved in the war, he established a personal
  relationship with President Roosevelt. When his
  request was declined by Roosevelt, he was still
  optimistic and believed that things would work
  his way. The later development of the world
  situation proved that he was right.

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Post-reading Activities

• Text A
• 1.What is the rhetorical features of the text?
  (keys) .
• 2. Translation practice
• 3. Language practice
• 4. Comprehension check

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Rhetorical features of the text

• Repetition Never, Never, Never
• Metaphor drawn a sponge across her slate our
  country stood in the gap.
• Antonyms great or small, large or petty

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Translation

• Translate the following passage into English,
  using the words and
• phrases given in the brackets
• ???????????,????????????(turn up)
• ??????????????????????(tell from appearance)
• ?????????????,?????????????(stand in the gap)
• ?????????,???????????????(yield to)

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Translation

• 5. ?????????,????????(ups and downs)
• 6. ?????????????(address oneself to)
• 7.???????????????????(in somebodys honor)
• 8. ??????,??????????(throw ones mind back)

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Translation

• Keys
• I had arranged for them to meet each other at the
  pub but the young man never turned up.
• You cannot tell merely from appearance whether
  things will turn out unfavorable to us or not.
• The soldier, who stood in the gap in every
  battle, gained the highest honors of the country.
• The chairman spoke so frequently that the rest of
  the committee yielded to his opinion.

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Translation

• 5. They are well-to-do now, but along the way
  they had their ups and downs.
• 6. There are two questions to which I will
  address myself in the lecture.
• 7. We are planning a big Christmas party in your
  honor.
• 8. Hearing the tune threw my mind back to my
  childhood.
• 
  back

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Translate the following passage into Chinese

• ??????,?????,??????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?,????????????,??????????????????,????????????????
  ???,???????????300 ????????????????,?????????,???
  ??????????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????,????????????????,????????,??????????,????,???
  ???! ???????------?????!???,?????????????!

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Language Practice

• Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or
  phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form

ups and downs go through close an
account misfortune putthrough throw ones
mind back to address oneself to yield to
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Language Practice

• 1. She wouldnt want to _________ them ____
  the I like the photo very much as it is
  suffering of a huge ceremony.
• 2. The famous orator ___________ the
  public to promote his newly-published book which
  could add to his reputation.
• 3. At that period, South Africa ______________
  a period of unchangeable events as the Blacks
  were fighting for equality.
• 4. ________ _______________1978, we should not be
  surprised about some of Mrs. Thatchers comments,
  bearing in mind the party she belonged to.

put through
addressed himself to
was going through
Throwing our minds back to
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Language Practice

• 5. Parley ______ general pressure from the
  society and bitterly took the child to a
  specialist.
• 6. The world is changing rapidly, our plans must
  change accordingly. Otherwise, we should ______
  with the harsh market economy.
• 7. Martins upbringing shaped his whole life,
  with so many _________ every now and
  then.
• 8. Julia has been made to undergo physically and
  psychologically ______for her inability in
  having children.

yielded to

• close an account

ups and downs
misfortune
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Language Practice

• Keys
• put through
• address himself to
• was going through
• 4. Throwing our minds back to
• 5. yielded to
• 6. close an account
• 7. ups and downs
• 8. misfortune

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Comprehension Check

• 1.Why does the author urge people to be patient?
• Because he understands that the war is long
  and tough it is not to end in months but in
  years. He tells the people there that however the
  war lasts, the final victory belongs to Britain.
  But at the same time he makes it clear that not
  every day is an opportunity to take action they
  have yet to wait and persevere.
•     

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Comprehension Check

• 2. What is the change in the widespread mood
  referred to in Paragraph?
• For one thing when Britain came under the
  heavy air attacks by Germany, many other nations
  thought that Britain was finished. As the country
  stood the ordeal to their great surprise, those
  nations changed their view. For another, people
  now start to see the hope of the final victory as
  long as they persevere to the end, as opposed to
  their pessimistic mood in the past as evidenced
  by the term darker days in school song and by
  the authors suppression of his desire to change
  it.

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Comprehension Check

• 3.Why does the author change darker into
  sterner?
• Because the author has a strong conviction
  of victory. The two terms have different
  implications. When used in the text to refer to
  the days of war, darker days emphasizes the
  dark/negative side of the event and shows the
  users pessimism. sterner days, though
  identical in its reference, suggests the bright
  side and shows the users optimism.

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Oral study

• 1. Its not like that. ????? It's not like
  that.????????????????????????,???????It's not
  like that.????????????????????,It's not like
  that.????????????????

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Oral study

• 2. I've gotten carried away. ??????
• get carried away?????????????,??????????????????
  ????????????,???????????????????I've / You've
  gotten carried away

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Assignment --- Essay writing

• Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus
• Outline
• 1. ??????????? 2. ???????(??????????) 3. ??????
  
• Requirements You should write at least 150 words
  and you should base your composition on the
  outline

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• Your essay is due to next Thursday!!!

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Thank you!