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IPC Waves, Sound, Light and Optics

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IPC Waves, Sound, Light and Optics C. Smith Waves, Sound, Light and Optics 1. Define WAVE - a moving disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another 2. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: IPC Waves, Sound, Light and Optics


1
IPC Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • C. Smith

2
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 1. Define WAVE - a moving disturbance that
    transfers energy from one place to
    another2. List and define the two types of
    waves. TRANSVERSE WAVE - particles of the medium
    vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave
    is moving. LONGITUDINAL WAVE (COMPRESSIONAL
    WAVE) - particles of the medium vibrate parallel
    to the direction the wave is moving

3
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 3.Identify these terms as they apply to a
    transverse wave nodal line, crest, trough,
    amplitude and wavelength.
  • NODAL LINE - the usual resting position of the
    wave
  • CREST - uppermost point of a transverse wave
  • TROUGH - lowest point of a transverse wave
  • AMPLITUDE - the distance from the nodal line to
    the crest or nodal line to the trough
  • WAVELENGTH - the distance between two identical
    successive points on a wave (crest to crest or
    trough to trough)

4
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 4. Identify these terms as they apply to a
    longitudinal wave compression, rarefaction and
    wavelength.
  • COMPRESSION - area where the molecules are packed
    closely together
  • RAREFACTION - area where the molecules are spread
    far apart
  • WAVELENGTH - the distance between any two
    identical successive points on a wave
    (compression to compression, rarefaction to
    rarefaction)

5
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 5. Define frequency and Hertz.
  • FREQUENCY - the number of waves that pass a given
    point in one second
  • HERTZ - the unit for frequency waves per second
  • 450 waves per second 450 Hz

6
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 6. Use the wave equation to solve for velocity,
    frequency or wavelength when two of the variables
    are known.
  • VELOCITY FREQUENCY X WAVELENGTH
  • v ??
  • Velocity .......... meters per second (m/s)
  • Frequency ƒ .... waves per second (Hz)
  • Wavelength ?....... meters per wave (m)

7
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 7. List the three conditions necessary to have
    sound.
  • In order to satisfy the scientific definition of
    sound, there must be a source, medium and
    receiver.
  • SOURCE - something to vibrate and produce the
    sound wave
  • MEDIUM - something for the sound wave to travel
    through
  • RECEIVER - something to detect (hear) the sound
    wave

8
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 8. Relate the speed of sound to
  • (a) density of the medium
  • (b) temperature of the medium
  • The more dense the medium, the faster sound
    travels. (solid, liquid, gas)
  • The higher the temperature within a medium, the
    faster sound travels. (hot air, cold air)

9
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 9. State the speed of sound in English and
    metric units.
  • The speed of sound can be expressed as
  • 334 meters per second (m/s)
  • 1090 feet per second (ft/s)
  • 750 miles per hour (Mach 1)

10
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 10. Define echo and state the conditions
    necessary for a human to hear an echo.
  • ECHO - reflected sound wave
  • To hear an echo, the original sound and the
    returning sound must be at least 1/10 of a second
    apart.
  • Usually, this means the reflecting surface must
    be at least 55 feet away for a human to hear the
    echo.

11
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 11. Explain how echoes are prevented in
    auditoriums.
  • An echo is prevented by use of sound absorbing
    materials such as padded seats, curtains on the
    walls and carpeting.

12
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 12. Solve mathematical word problems involving
    ECHOES.
  • Use the formula vd/t. If given the distance in
    an echo problem, this distance must be doubled in
    order to solve for time. If given the time in an
    echo problem, this time must be cut in half to
    solve for distance.
  • source gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt reflecting wall

13
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Source

Reflecting Wall
14
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 13. Distinguish between noise and musical tones.
  • NOISE - a series of irregular vibrations if shown
    on the screen of an oscilloscope
  • MUSIC - a series of regular or smooth patterns if
    shown on the screen of an oscilloscope

15
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 14. List the four types of musical instruments.
  • The four types of musical instruments are wind,
    string, percussion and electronic.
  • STRING INSTRUMENTS produce sounds by vibrating
    strings
  • WIND INSTRUMENTS produce sounds by a vibrating
    column of air
  • PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS produce sound by a
    vibrating membrane
  • ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS produce sound by use of
    electricity and computers

16
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 15. Discuss ways to vary the frequency of a
    vibrating object.
  • To give a string instrument a high pitch, the
    string should be tight, short and thin.
  • To give a string instrument a low pitch, the
    string should be long, loose and thick.
  • Same principals apply to percussion and wind
    instruments in different applications.
  • End of Material for Test 1

17
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 16. Describe the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • The EM spectrum consists of light at all possible
    energies, frequencies and wavelengths.
  • All waves of the EM spectrum travel at the same
    speed. (speed of light)
  • All waves of the EM spectrum have different
    wavelengths and frequencies.
  • The EM spectrum includes gamma rays, x-rays,
    ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves and
    radiowaves in order of increasing wavelength and
    decreasing frequency. (short to long wavelength)

18
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Gamma rays
  • highest energy and shortest wavelengths
  • wavelengths less than 10-14m
  • extreme high energy, can be dangerous and may
    kill living cells or turn them into cancer cells.
  • used to treat cancer by killing the diseased
    cells
  • controversy surrounds the use of gamma rays in
  • the irradiation of food.

19
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • X-rays
  • wavelengths less than 10-8m
  • commonly used in hospitals, most x-rays pass
    through the human body but bones and other
    tissues absorb a few.
  • Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV) waves.
  • 9 of the energy emitted by the sun is UV light
  • high energy, some UV light can pass through thin
    layers of clouds, causing you to sunburn on
    cloudy or overcast days

20
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Visible
  • that portion of the EM spectrum humans can see
  • commonly remembered as ROY G BIV
  • red has the longest wavelength and lowest
    frequency (4.3 x 1014 Hz)
  • violet has the shortest wavelength and highest
    frequency (7.5 x 1014 Hz).

21
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Infrared
  • felt as warmth
  • slightly longer than the color red, these waves
    warm you
  • infrared lamps are used to keep food warm in a
    cafeteria or restaurant.

22
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Microwaves
  • used in cooking and communication
  • microwave ovens in the US use waves with a
    frequency of 2450 MHz (or wavelength of 12.2 cm)
  • reflected by metals but are easily transmitted
    through air, glass, paper and plastic
  • able to cook and heat food because water, fat
    and sugar absorb these waves and their energy
    microwaves can travel about 3-5 cm into the food
  • microwaves are also used in telecommunication
    signals

23
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Radio waves
  • are the longest waves of the EM spectrum
  • ranges in length from tenths of a meter to
    millions of meters.
  • includes TV signals, AM and FM radio signals
  • radar, used by air traffic controllers and
    police are also examples of radio waves

24
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 17. List the three theories on the nature of
    light.
  • (a) particle theory
  • (b) wave theory
  • (c) photon theory (a photon is a bundle of
    energy)
  • Scientists do NOT know exactly how to describe
    light.

25
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 18. State the speed of light in a vacuum.
  • 186,000 miles/second
  • 3 x 108 m/s, or 3 x 1010 cm/s
  • in a vacuum!
  • Slower in gases, liquids and solids because the
    molecules of these substance slow it down. The
    denser the medium, the slower light travels.

26
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 19. Name in order, the colors of the visible
    spectrum.
  • ROY G BIV - red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
    indigo, violet

Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
Red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
long ? low ? short ? high ?
27
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 20. Compare wavelength, frequency and energy for
    the waves of the visible spectrum.
  • Red longest wavelength, lowest frequency
    lowest amount of energy
  • Violet shortest wavelength, highest frequency,
    greatest amount of energy
  • Waves of higher frequency contain more energy.

28
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 21. Define and indicate examples of transparent,
    translucent and opaque objects.
  • transparent - allows most light to pass through-
    produces clear images. (clear smooth glass)
  • translucent - allows some light to pass through-
    produces blurry images (wax paper, frosted glass,
    stained glass, etc....)
  • opaque - blocks most light- produces no image
  • 22. Define reflection.
  • Reflection -the bouncing of a wave from a barrier.

29
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 23. Describe constructive interference and
    destructive interference of light waves.
  • Constructive interference occurs when two waves
    line up so their crests overlap. They add
    together to make a larger wave.
  • Destructive interference occurs when the crest of
    one wave overlaps the trough of another wave.
  • Subtraction occurs to produce a smaller or
    non-existent wave. Colors seen on soap bubbles
    and oils spills are due to this interference.

30
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 24. Name the primary, secondary and
    complimentary colors of light.
  • Primary colors of light
  • red, blue, green
  • (red blue green white light)
  • Secondary colors
  • cyan, magenta, yellow
  • red blue magenta
  • red green yellow
  • blue green cyan

31
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • Complimentary colors
  • Refer to a pair of colors
  • (one primary and one secondary)
  • produce white light when combined
  • magenta green white light
  • yellow blue white light
  • cyan red white light

32
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 25. Describe color addition and color
    subtraction.
  • Color addition if the process of combining the
    additive primary colors (red, blue, green) to
    produce other colors.
  • Color subtraction involves the absorption of
    colors to produce those that we see.
  • White is not a color, but the presence of all
    colors. Black is not a color, but the absence of
    all colors.

33
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 26. Identify the colors used in color print
    advertisements.
  • Print advertisements use the colors of yellow,
    cyan and magenta. A fourth "color", black is
    used for sharpness and contract.

34
Waves, Sound, Light and Optics
  • 27. Identify the colors associated with color
    blindness.
  • color-blindness - a sex linked genetic trait
  • people cannot see certain colors as others.
    Usually involves the colors red, green or both
  • cone cells of the retina do not receive the
    color and pass it through the optic nerve to the
    brain as they should
  • A totally color-blind person would see black and
    white and shades of gray (much like watching a
    black and white television).
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