Civil Rights Movement 1950s, 1960s,

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Civil Rights Movement 1950s, 1960s, 1970s

• SS5H8 The student will describe the importance
  of key people, events, and developments between
  1950-1975
• A. Discuss the importance of the Cuban Missile
  Crisis and the Vietnam War
• B. Explain the key events and people of the Civil
  Rights Movement include Brown Vs. Board of
  Education (1954), Montgomery Bus Boycott, the
  March on Washington, Civil Rights Act, Voting
  Rights Act, and civil rights activities of
  Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, and Martin Luther
  King Jr.
• C. Describe the impact on American society of the
  assassinations of President John F. Kennedy,
  Robert F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr.
• D. Discuss the significance of the technologies
  of television and space exploration.

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• Civil Rights Movement It refers to the
  activities in the United States during the 1950s
  and 1960s. The goal of the movement was to
  outlaw, or do away with, racial discrimination
  against African Americans.
• Other goals were to END segregation and restore
  voting rights to African Americans in Southern
  states. Those involved were trying to gain
  freedom and respect for African Americans in
  areas like the economy and in society.

Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama
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Civil Rights Movement
Black protestors for integration, fair pay, and
equal housing.
College Students at Woolworth Lunch Counter
during a sit-in. They were later served lunch at
the same restaurant months later. (N.C.)
Peace Officer clubbing an African American for no
reason
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• Brown v. Board of Education
• Flashback In 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson ruled
  that public places could be separate but equal.
• In 1951 a lawsuit was filed against the Topeka,
  Kansas School Board of Education. Thirteen
  African American parents filed the lawsuit
  against the school board because their children
  were made to go to separate schools from white
  students.
• Brown's daughter Linda, had to walk six blocks
  to the bus stop, then ride a bus to Monroe
  Elementary, which was a segregated black school,
  over one mile away. Sumner Elementary School was
  only seven blocks from her house but, it was an
  all white school and she was NOT allowed to
  attend.
• At first, the District Court ruled in favor of
  the Board of Education. However, in 1954 the
  Supreme Court heard the case and ruled that
  separate educational facilities are inherently
  unequal. This means, that segregation was no
  longer legal!!!

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Brown v. Board of Education
Little Rock Nine Students Protestors
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•   Thurgood Marshall He was the attorney for
  Brown and the other parents. Marshall was a
  member of the NAACP and later became the first
  African American to serve as a United States
  Supreme Court judge. Brown v. Board of Education
  was Thurgood Marshalls biggest victory in court.
  
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• In 1955, Montgomery, Alabama laws required
  blacks to sit in the back of public buses. The
  laws also said they had to give up their seat to
  white passengers if all of the white seats were
  full.

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Thurgood Marshall
Marshall with students of Little Rock Nine
separate but equal water fountains
Sit-In photo from N.C. Civil Rights Protest
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Rosa Parks The Mother of the Civil Rights
Movement

• Rosa Parks On December 1, 1955 a seamstress
  named Rosa Parks was
• sitting in the black section on a public bus
  in Montgomery after a long day of work. A white
  man got on the bus and the bus driver told Rosa
  Parks to move. She refused and she was arrested!
  Rosa Parks was found guilty of violating a local
  ordinance or law. Rosa Parks is known as the
  mother of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks Being Fingerprinted
Rosa Parks arrest photo
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• Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks bravery led
  to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. African Americans
  refused to ride public buses and they chose to
  walk or carpool instead. The boycott lasted for
  over one year. The city lost a LOT of money
  because most passengers were black. The Supreme
  Court ruled that segregated buses were not legal
  and the boycott ended.

Young woman catching ride to work during the bus
boycott.
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• 1960
• John F. Kennedy won the presidential election
  over the Vice President Richard Nixon. It was one
  of the closest elections ever! Both candidates
  used television to run election ads and for the
  first time, a presidential debate was televised
  (shown on T.V.). Most Americans who listened to
  the debate on the radio thought Nixon had won.
  But, most of those who watched the debate on
  television were certain that JFK who was younger,
  good looking, and more confident had won.
• Historians feel that television helped Kennedy
  win the election and boosted his popularity. He
  was the youngest president elected!
• John F. Kennedy supported the Civil Rights
• Movement and eventually made the push for more
• civil rights laws to be passed. In 1963, Lee
• Harvey Oswald assassinated the beloved President
• Kennedy in Texas. The American people mourned
• the young presidents death.

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John F. Kennedy
JFK and wife in car minutes before he was
assassinated
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• Advancements in Technology
• After the Cuban Missile Crisis, Americans gained
  a new respect for JFKs leadership abilities.
  Kennedy was also a big supporter of space
  exploration. JFK wanted the United States to stay
  ahead of the Soviet Union (Russia) in the Space
  Race. So, JFK challenged NASA to put a man on
  the moon before the end of the 60s. In 1969,
  Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the
  moon and people were able to watch his first
  steps on television!
• Satellites are machines that orbit the Earth and
  send communication signals and pictures back to
  Earth. Satellites tell us the weather and provide
  directions to our navigational systems like
  Garmin. Russia launched satellites into space
  first. So the U.S. began competing for better
  technology.

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Advancements in Technology
1961 Satellite
VS.
The USA was the first country to put a man on the
moon.
NASA archive - Picture of Neil Armstrong, Michael
Collins, and Edwin Aldrin on July 15, 1969
Picture of astronaut during the Space Race
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• Advancements in Technology
• In the late 1920s, only a few thousand
  televisions were in homes. The first television
  commercial was broadcast in 1930 and in 1937 CBS
  began developing their network. By 1948, over 1
  million homes had televisions and by 1967 over
  one half of broadcasts are in color.

1940s TV
1930s TV
1950s TV
1970s TV
1960s TV
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• Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King,
  Jr. was a young Baptist minister who helped
  organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott. After this
  successful protest, Dr. King became very famous.
  He became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement
  and preached about nonviolent protests and how to
  peacefully disobey unfair laws. Many blacks
  chose Dr. Kings methods of peaceful sit-ins and
  legal rallies but were still arrested many times.
  

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•   March on Washington As Martin
• Luther King, Jr. gained fame he also gained
  thousands of followers who believed in his
  peaceful ways to achieve change. On August 28,
  1963 approximately 200,000 people joined the
  March on Washington. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
  gave his famous I have a dream, speech in front
  of the Lincoln Memorial. Kings speech included
  his dreams for a racially united country where
  people are judged by the content of their
  character and NOT the color of their skin.

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Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. March
on Washington
I have a dream
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• 1964
• Civil Rights Act of 1964 made segregation and
  discrimination illegal in many public places such
  as hotels, restaurants, theatres.
• 24th Amendment ended the poll tax and made it
  easier for African Americans to vote because it
  did not cost money.
• 1965
• Voting Rights Act gave the U.S. President power
  to outlaw literacy tests and send federal
  officials to make sure that blacks got a fair
  chance to vote in elections

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• Militant Movements This was the belief that it
  was okay to use violence to achieve change. Many
  young and more radical blacks wanted to become a
  part of the Militant Movements and they founded
  the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam.
  Malcolm X became part of the Nation of Islam and
  he preached about distrusting ALL whites!
• After Malcolm X went on a Muslim pilgrimage, or
  a religious journey, he changed his views and
  began to preach cooperation instead of hatred. In
  1965 he was assassinated by three black men who
  were mad that he changed his opinions and thought
  he was weak because of this change.

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Malcolm X and the Militant Movement
Nation of Islam Members at Rally
Black Power was a common phrase used by militants
during the Civil Rights Movement.
Black Panther Group Members
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• 1968
• Many blacks believed in Dr. Kings peaceful ways
  of creating change. However, some blacks felt he
  was too weak and white racists hated him for
  challenging their beliefs. On April 4, 1968 a
  white man named James Earl Ray shot and killed
  Dr. King. Many angry riots broke out after his
  assassination. However, Dr. Kings dream for
  equal rights lived on. The Civil Rights Movement
  continued to win rights for African Americans.
• Tragedy struck the Kennedy family again
  when Robert Kennedy, JFKs brother, was
  assassinated during a campaign speech.