Human Skeletal

1
Human Skeletal Muscle Systems

• Structures, Functions, and Examples

2
Body Orientation

• Ventral--front of the body
• Dorsal--back of body
• Lateral--side of body
• Medial--middle of body
• Cranial--head region
• Caudal--feet region
• Proximal--toward the trunk
• Distal--away from the trunk

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Major Body Cavities

• Dorsal
• Cranial (skull)
• Spinal
• Ventral
• Abdominal
• Pelvic
• Thoracic (chest)

4
Skeletal SystemFunctions

• Support-framework for the body
• Movement-site for muscle attachment
• Protection-cover brain, spinal cord, lungs, etc.
• Fat storage-yellow marrow contains calcium and
  phosphorous
• Hemopoiesis-red marrow makes blood cells

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Bone Formation

• Very controlled process of making bone.
• Process is called ossification.
• Bone growth occurs throughout life however, it is
  more rapid in younger years.
• Bone formation can be altered with destructive
  life styles.
• Bone formation is under control of many vitamins
  and hormones.

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Other Components of Skeletal System

• Cartilagefirm, flexible tissue that makes up the
  infant skeletal system gradually gets replaced
  by bone adult cartilage examples include nose
  and top of ear.
• Ligamenttough, flexible, and fibrous connective
  tissue linking bone to bone.
• Tendonconnect muscle to bone

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Muscle Types

• Skeletal musclemoves bones directly or
  indirectly voluntarily controlled
• Cardiac musclepumps blood through body
  involuntarily controlled
• Smooth musclemoves materials through structures
  involuntarily controlled examples where smooth
  muscle is found include arteries, intestines,
  stomach, and esophagus

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End of Skeletal and Muscle Systems