The Allies Win and the End of War

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The Allies Win and the End of War
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Formative Assessment on Reading

• Respond to this statement with proof from your
  reading
• Lets hope 1942 brings as much good fortune as
  1941.
• - Adolf Hitler

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The Allies Plan for Victory

• December 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt meet and
  determine that the U.S. will help its allies
• Stalin wanted to open up the western front so the
  Germans have to fight on both fronts but
  Roosevelt and Churchill begin fighting in North
  Africa and southern Europe

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The North Africa Campaign

• Germans had been successful at advancing across
  the North African desert
• When German General Erwin Rommel took Tobruk in
  1942, the British got nervous and sent Bernard
  Montgomery to fight
• Battle of El Alamein- Montgomery defeats Rommel
• Operation Torch- Allied force led by Dwight D.
  Eisenhower lands in Morocco and Algeria and
  finally defeats the Afrika Korps

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Stalingrad

• German armies had stalled in Leningrad and Moscow
  (partly because of winter weather)
• August 1942 Battle of Stalingrad-  Hitler's
  Luftwaffe destroyed much of the city but the
  residents wouldn't give in and they stalled again
• By November another Russian winter was upon the
  troops and neither side was willing to give in
• February 1943 the German soldiers surrender
• The city was destroyed but it meant that the
  Germans were now on the defensive

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Italy

• July 1943 Roosevelt and Churchill begin attacking
  Italy
• Mussolini fell from power when Sicily was invaded
• September- Italy surrendered
• Hitler, however, took charge of northern Italy
• June 1944 Allies enter Rome but fighting would
  continue until 1945 when Germany fell
• Mussolini was hanged

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Life at Home During the War

• Total war- factories began to produce wartime
  goods like boats or machine guns
• Many women enter the workforce and most Americans
  work in factories producing goods for the war
• Rationing dictated by governments
• Propaganda used widely to inspire support for the
  war effort

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Allied Victory in Europe

• D-Day invasion- June 6, 1944
• Code-name- Operation Overlord
• Invasion of Normandy was the greatest land and
  sea attack in history
• Combined allied force of British, American,
  French, and Canadian forces
• Huge casualties on the beach
• July 25- allies break through the German defense
• Aug. 25- Allies march to Paris
• By September France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the
  Netherlands had been liberated

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Storming Normandy- Operation Overlord
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The End.....

• Germany now surrounded and fighting a two-front
  war
• Battle of the Bulge
• Dec. 16, 1944 Hitler decides to counterattack
  allied forces
• He was successful for a moment but ultimately
  lost
• April 25, 1945 Soviets had surrounded Berlin
• Hitler married his longtime girlfriend, Eva
  Braun, and then they commit suicide
• May 7, 1945 German military surrenders
• May 8-  Victory in Europe Day (V-E day)
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Japanese Retreat and Surrender

• 1944 MacArthur returned to Philippines
• Kamikaze Japanese suicide pilots
• March 1945 Americans take Iwo Jima
• Truman drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Aug.
  6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)
• Sep. 2 Japan surrenders

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After the War Europe in Ruins

• Destruction of WWII unprecedented (60 million
  dead)
• Europe in ruins-
• 40 million people dead
• cities destroyed from bombing
• countryside also in ruins
• no jobs left because cities destroyed
• People begin starving to death

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(No Transcript)
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Postwar Governments and Politics

• many people blamed their governments for the mess
• Increase in Communist party membership until the
  economies stabilized

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How did they Deal with the Holocaust?

• Nuremburg Trials- 1946
• 22 Nazis put on trial
• 12 sentenced to death
• Some war criminals escaped by committing suicide
  before the trials
• Other war criminals escaped Germany and lived
  incognito in other countries

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Effects of Defeat in Japan

• August 1945 Japan surrenders to MacArthur
• country's major cities ruined
• 2 million people dead
• no more colonial empire

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U.S. Occupation of Japan

• U.S. occupies Japan and takes away their army
  (demilitarization)
• U.S occupation lasts until 1953
• U.S. General MacArthur leads occupation
• War criminals were tried and sentenced

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Japans New Constitution

• May 1947 new constitution- parliamentary
  democracy with a 2- house Diet (congress)
• Post of prime minister established
• Vote for citizens over 20
• Japan not allowed to begin an offensive war
• Sep. 1951 formal peace treaty with Japan
• As a side note, Japans economy rapidly
  increased because the government diverted all
  resources to businesses and industry because they
  had no military expenditure