The Looming Tower - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

The Looming Tower

Description:

The Looming Tower Chapters 11-20 The Prince of Darkness- Chapter 11 John O Neill Appointed chief of FBI s counter-terrorism section Nicknamed the Prince of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:49
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 11
Provided by: LCP66
Learn more at: https://www.lcps.org
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Looming Tower


1
The Looming Tower
  • Chapters 11-20

2
The Prince of Darkness- Chapter 11
  • John ONeill
  • Appointed chief of FBIs counter-terrorism
    section
  • Nicknamed the Prince of Darkness
  • Was told by Dick Clarke that Ramzi Yousef was
    spotted in Islamabad
  • Got team ready for rendition
  • Legal kidnapping of suspects in a foreign land
  • Very urgent and complex
  • February 7th, agents flew to Islamabad and
    captured Ramzi Yousef
  • Dick Clarke and ONeill formed tight partnership
  • Clarke the 1st coordinator for counterterrorism
    on the National Security Council
  • Member of Counterterrorism Security Group
  • Their work led to agencies working more in a
    partnership and opening lines of communication
  • ONeill worked hard to foster relationships with
    foreign dignitaries and public officials
  • ONeill one of the 1st to realize the scope of
    the Islamist terrorists

3
Bin Laden
  • Argued his war was theological, Muslims v.
    Christians
  • August 1995
  • Broke with Saudi Arabia
  • Attacked King Fahd in a manifesto
  • Attacked lack of religion
  • US Troops in the Kingdom
  • Accused Royal Family of corruption
  • Saudi Arabia responds with crackdown on
    dissidents
  • Bin Laden responds with a car bomb at the Saudi
    National Guard center in Riyadh
  • Men were rounded up and beheaded
  • Bin Laden claimed as his 1st terrorist blow

4
Chapter 12- The Boy Spies
  • Planned assassination of Mubark
  • Egyptian President Hosni Mubark flew to Addis
    ababa June 26, 1996
  • Egyptian radicals working with the Islamic group
    planned assassination
  • Mubarak attacked, two guards killed
  • Smart enough to drive back to airport, saved his
    life
  • Three assassins captured
  • Led to U.N. sanctions on Sudan
  • In Egypt
  • Sweeping changes
  • Anti-terrorism law
  • Security force sweeps
  • The plan
  • To deal with Zawahiri, agents lured 13 yr old son
    of well-known Egypt fundamentalist
  • Along with another child, forced to become spies
  • Zawahiri
  • Found deception
  • Had boys brought to trial, as adults
  • Found guilty and executed
  • Execution videotaped and used as an intimidation
    tool
  • Sudan ordered organization out of country
    immeadiately
  • Zawahiri took refuge in Yemen

5
Al-Qaeda develops
  • November 19, 1995
  • Zawahiri had Egyptian embassy in Pakistan bombed
    for 10th anniversary of al-Sadats trip to
    Jerusalem
  • Prototype for future al-Qaeda attacks
  • 1st success of Zawahiris administration
  • Many of Zawahiris followers did not follow
    killing of innocents and had issue with suicide
  • Zawahiri later connected suicide bombings with
    martyrdom
  • Reversed the language of the prophet and opened
    the door to universal murder
  • Meanwhile
  • Bin Laden depressed
  • Isolated
  • America pushing Sudan to force bin Laden out
  • Even though Clinton Admin. still only viewed him
    as a wealthy nuisance
  • U.S. okay with bin Laden going back to
    Afghanistan
  • Has to apologize to go back to the Kingdom
  • Lost most of fortune in Sudan
  • Left Sudan May 18, 1996
  • Headed to Afghanistan

6
Chapter 13 Hijira
  • Back in Afghanistan
  • Taliban now in control of Afghanistan
  • Dominated most provinces
  • Taliban had not invited bin Laden to return
  • Bin Laden under control of Mullah Mohammed Omar
  • Mullah fought in Afghan-Soviet war
  • Taught at madrassa, received a vision from the
    prophet
  • Instructed to bring peace to country
  • Led the Taliban
  • Mullah became leader of religious movement
  • Three streams of Taliban
  • Money and Arms from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
  • Madrassas from across Pakistan border
  • Opium from Afghanistan
  • Drug lorders depended on Taliban for security
  • Bin Ladens life
  • Went to Jalalabad
  • Found quarters for family, went back to business
    in the honey trade
  • Worried about Taliban
  • After Taliban captured Kabul, extreme government
    took place
  • Extreme Islam enforced
  • Bin Ladens nadir
  • One of his important leaders in al-Qaeda dies,
    Abu Ubaydah
  • He was poor
  • Compared himself to the prophet when forced to
    make the hijira to Medina in 622 C.E.
  • Key symbol of hijira was his cave in Tora Bora
  • August 23, 1996
  • Bin Laden issued his Declaration of War Against
    the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy
    Places

7
Khaled Sheik Mohammed
  • Who he is
  • Uncle of Ramzi Yousef, on the run
  • Secretary for Sayyaf and Abdullah Azzam
  • Had planned with Ramzi to blow up American jets
    in the Philippines in Operation Bojinka
  • In Afghanistan
  • Teams up with Osama bin Laden
  • Discusses plans to attack America
  • Seeds of 9/11 planted

8
Chapter 14 Going Operational
  • June 25, 1996
  • CIA/ FBI agents training at Quantico
  • Attack on Khobar Towers in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  • FBI sent in team
  • Saudis make investigation difficult
  • Cautious for legal reasons (Sharia law)
  • FBI worked out agreement to interview suspects
    through mirrored glass
  • Evidence pointed to Iranian-backed terrorists,
    Americans shut out
  • ONeill
  • In charge of counterterrorism and
    counterintelligence in NY
  • 1-49 squad responsible for the Middle East
  • Mainly New Yorkers
  • Had to solve TWA flight case before team could
    focus on bin Laden
  • 1st time FBI and CIA worked together on project
  • CIA part headed by Michael Scheuer
  • Dan Coleman, FBI agent, assigned to CIA
  • Had interviewed Jamal al-Fadl
  • Wanted to stop bin Laden
  • Finally get a break in Nairobi,

9
Chapter 15 Bread and Water
  • The delegation
  • Mullah Omar sent a delegation to go and check
    out bin Laden in Tora Bora
  • Taliban had no quarrel with the United States at
    this point
  • Taliban did not want bin Laden attacking their
    sponsor, Saudi Arabia and wanted him to refrain
    from speaking to the press.
  • In return bin Laden endorsed Taliban rule
  • He immediately broke his promise and allowed for
    an interview with CNN
  • Reporter Peter Bergen thought he was ill
  • He seemed to have no legitimate political plan
  • He wanted Americans to withdrawal from all Muslim
    lands
  • Omar had to move bin Laden from Jalalabad to
    Kandahar
  • Created excuse to move bin Laden
  • Wanted to keep an eye on him
  • Meanwhile..
  • Zawahiri had become a phantom
  • Sought asylum in Bulgaria
  • Traveled to Malaysia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and
    Taiwan
  • Possibly in several European nations
  • Went to Chechnya, wanted to establish new base
    for al-Jihad
  • December 1, 1996 crossed into Russia
  • Detained by Russians for crossing illegally,
    didnt know real identity
  • Sent out the country
  • With no income and fleeing support, Zawahiri had
    to join Osama in Afghanistan
  • Regroup
  • Many Egyptians regrouped in Afghanistan
  • Many lived in bin Ladens compound
  • Family life very different
  • Bin Laden a different person

10
Egypt
  • July 1997
  • Zawahiri angered that a deal had been brokered in
    Egypt between the Islamist Group and the
    Egyptian government
  • Called the nonviolence initiative
  • Islamists divided
  • October 1997
  • Islamic group wanted to attack Egypt and tourism
  • November 17,1997
  • Group attacks Queen Hatsheputs temple near Luxor
  • The presidents wife was in attendance
  • Targeted tourists
  • Attackers committed suicide in a cave
  • 58 tourists and 4 Egyptians died
  • Egypt in shock
  • Turning point in counterterrorist campaign in
    Egypt
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com