Liberation, Separation, Extraction

1
Liberation, Separation, Extraction

• MINE 292 - Lecture 3

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Liberation, Separation, Extraction

• STAGE 1 Blasting (600-650 mm)
• STAGE 2 - Primary Crushing (100-250 mm)
• STAGE 3 - Secondary Crushing (12-19 mm)
• STAGE 4 Grinding (100 microns)
• STAGE 5 - Separation by size
• STAGE 6 - Separation by values
• STAGE 7 - Extraction of values

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What is an Ore?

• Mineralized rock that can be mined/processed
• At a time (temporal)
• At a place (spatial)
• At a profit (economic)
• Waste rock can become an ore
• Tailings can become an ore

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Drilling and Blasting

• Creates a top size suitable for transportation
• Begins the process of Liberation
• Factors
• Drill hole diameter
• Drill hole spacing and pattern
• Explosive type
• Delay system

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Drilling and Blasting
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Influence of Blasting Practices

• S. Morrell and W. Valery, 2001. Influence of
  Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. SAG 2001,
  Vancouver, Canada, pp203-214
• S. Morrell, 2003. The Influence of Feed Size on
  Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the
  Role of Blasting in its Manipulation, Proc. 22nd
  International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.
  L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p.526-533.

7
Influence of Blasting Practices

• S. Morrell and W. Valery, 2001. Influence of
  Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance. SAG 2001,
  Vancouver, Canada, pp203-214
• S. Morrell, 2003. The Influence of Feed Size on
  Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the
  Role of Blasting in its Manipulation, Proc. 22nd
  International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.
  L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p.526-533.

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Influence of Blasting Practices
So, an increased Power Factor of 0.6 kg/m3 yields
250 t of increased production and a decrease in
average grinding energy of 1.4 kWh/t Bulk
Density 1 m3 of ore 2.03 t (ore S.G.
2.9) Increased explosives use (kg/t) 0.6 kg /
2.03 t 0.296 kg/t Increased cost 0.296 kg/t x
1.06/kg 0.313 kg/t Explosive cost increase
0.313 x 250 t 78.33 Decreased energy cost
0.10/kWh x 1.4 kWh/t x 250 t 35.0 Total
cost increase 78.33 - 35.00 43.33
Increased ore value 250 t _at_ 5.26 / t
1,315 0.4 Cu 3.6 kg recoverable Cu / t x
7.3 /kg x 0.2 5.26 / t
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Order of Comminution Processing
Blasting
Primary Crushing
Secondary Crushing
Grinding
Regrinding
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Crushing Machines
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Crushing Machines
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Jaw Crusher
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Gyratory Crusher
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Symons Cone Crusher
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Cone Crusher Liners
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HPGR high-pressure grinding rolls
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High-Pressure Grinding Rolls
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Vibrating Screen
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Secondary Crushing Plant
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Alternate Secondary Crushing Plant Design
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Open Circuit Crushing
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Grinding Mills
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Grinding Mills

• Rod Mill opened up for maintenance
  Ball Mill overflow type

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Conical Ball-Mill
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Grinding Mills
Bingham Canyon Grinding Mills
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Tube Mill
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Rod-Mill Overflow Discharge
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Rod-Mill End Peripheral Discharge
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Rod-Mill Central Peripheral Discharge
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SAG Mill semi-autogenous grinding
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Grinding and Cyanide Leaching
Musslewhite Mine, Ontario
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Cyclo-Pak classification hydrocyclones
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Spiral and Rake Classifiers
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Rake Classifier
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Rake Classifier
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Spiral Classifiers
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Air Cyclone / Particle Recovery
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Size Distribution of Soils
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Size Distribution Curves
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Bimodal Size Distribution
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(No Transcript)
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Hydrocyclone
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Separator Partition Curves
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Stokes Law
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ABC Grinding Circuit
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Bond Work Index Formula
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Size Ranges in Separators
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Electronic Sorting
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Electrostatic Separation
50
Cross-Belt Magnetic Separator
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Drum Magnetic Separator
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2-stage Drum Magnetic Separator
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Pinched Sluice
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Riffles in a Sluice
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Humphrey Spiral iron ore
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Particle Distribution in Spiral Trough
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Reichert Cone separator
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Fluid (pulp) Flow in a Cone Separator
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Shaking Table
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Statification on a Shaking Table
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Gold on a Shaking Table
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Jigging - stratification
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Centrifugal Concentrator the Falcon
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Flotation Cell
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Flotation Cell Agitator Design
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Flotation Cell - Rotors
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Separation Circuit
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Copper Flotation Circuit
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Downstream Processing

• Copper
• Oxide copper treatment

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Simplest Copper Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Copper/Gold Flotation Circuit

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Copper/Moly Ores Concentrating

• Copper/Moly Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Multiple Sulfide Differential Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Mixed Oxide/Sulfide Copper Flotation Circuit

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Copper Oxide Processing to final metal

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• Copper Oxide Processing - LPF

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Copper Ores Concentrating

• T.O.R.C.O. Processing of Copper Ores

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Copper Downstream Processing

• Kidd-Creek Smelter flowsheet

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Copper Anode Casting Wheel
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Zaldivar Copper Heap Leach
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Heap Leach Operation
Installing a Plastic Membrane Liner
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Thickener - tailings
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Thickeners - zones
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Marine Tailing Disposal
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Thickener Area Calculation

• where
• A thickener area (m2)
• W dry solids mass flow (tph)
• F liquidsolid ratio of feed
• D liquidsolid ratio of discharge
• R settling rate (m/hr)
• S liquid S.G. (kg/L)

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Drum Filters
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Disk Filter
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Pressure Filter - Larox
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Rotary Dryers
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Rotary Kiln
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Mill Control Room
Carlin Mine, Nevada
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Questions?
93
Dissolution of Gold in CyanideElsner's Equation
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Precipitation of Au from Solution
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Downstream Processing

• Gold processing options

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Downstream Processing

• Nickel
• Typical Mine/Mill Treatment

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Downstream Processing

• Nickel
• Matte Separation processing

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Downstream Processing

• Uranium Ore processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing

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Downstream Processing

• Coal processing