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Life of Pi

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Title: Life of Pi


1
Life of Pi
  • An Introduction

2
A Quick Glimpse
  • The authors note, preceeding chapter 1, explains
    that the author has traveled to India, restless
    and in need of inspiration for a story. At the
    coffeehouse in Pondicherry, an elderly man named
    Francis Adirubasamy strikes up a conversation
    with the author saying, I have a story that will
    make you believe in God. He refers the author to
    Piscine Molitor Patel who lives in Toronto,
    Cnanda. The novel then begins in Piscines voice

3
Things To Discover
  • Survival-the limits of human endurance
  • Tolerance of Cultures and Religion
  • Faith vs. Belief
  • Magic Realism
  • Ritual

4
Things to Discover Contd
  • Territory and Dominance
  • Depravity and Civility in human instinct
  • Hunger and Thirst
  • Life and Death
  • Truth vs. Lies
  • Colour Motifs
  • Pi

5
Major Characters
  • Pi
  • Gita and Santosh Patel
  • Ravi Patel
  • Richard Parker
  • Mr. Kumars (teacher and the baker)

6
Critical Concepts
  • Freudian Theory
  • Conscious and Unconscious Mind
  • Personality Theory
  • Jungian Theory
  • Shadow Self and
  • Individuation

7
About Freud
  • Sigmund Freud was was a Jewish Austrian
    neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school
    of psychiatry.
  • Freud is best known for his theories of the
    unconscious mind
  • Freud is also renowned for his redefinition of
    sexual desire as the primary motivational energy
    of human life
  • Freud also used his theories of the conscious and
    unconscious mind to study dream analysis

8
About Jung
  • Born July 26, 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland. Died
    June 6, 1961 in Zurich, Switzerland.
  • A prominent Swiss psychiatrist, and influential
    thinker and founder of analytical psychology.
  • Jungs investigations into the human mind brought
    forth two ideas especially important and
    influential for literary criticism
  • Collective unconscious
  • The theory of the archetype

9
Lets start with Freud
  • Major Theory 1- Conscious vs. Unconscious Mind
  • HINT Remember the ICEBERG!

10
Iceberg Theory
  • Freud believed that our psyche, or our mind, can
    be broken down into two major sections the
    conscious mind and the unconscious mind.
  • The conscious mind represents everything we are
    conscious of, our every day lives, and reality.
  • Our conscious mind is aware of our surroundings,
    our thoughts, our ideas and choices.

11
Iceberg Theory
  • The conscious mind is the aspect of our mental
    processing that we can think and talk about
    rationally.
  • A part of this includes our memory, which is not
    always part of consciousness but can be retrieved
    easily at any time and brought into our
    awareness.
  • Freud called our regular memory, that we use on a
    regular basis the preconscious.

12
Iceberg Theory
  • Freud called the other part of our mind the
    unconscious mind.
  • This part of our psyche is a reservoir of
    feelings, thoughts, urges and memories that exist
    outside of our conscious awareness.
  • According to Freud, the unconscious continues to
    influence our behaviour and experiences, even
    though we are unaware of the underlying
    influences.

13
Iceberg Theory
  • Much of the contents of our unconscious mind are
    unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety or
    internal conflict.
  • Because the unconscious mind exists outside our
    awareness, this means we are unaware of its
    contents.
  • It is pushed down, deep inside our minds in a
    place that we cannot see or access, even though
    this is the larger portion or our psyche.
  • An example of the unconscious mind is what has
    come to be known as a Freudian Slip.

14
Conscious vs. Unconsious
  • What symbol can help you remember this theory?
  • Why does this symbol work?
  • Explain the conscious mind.
  • Explain the unconscious mind.
  • Give an example of a Freudian
  • Slip.
  • Why do you think Dream Analysis
  • resulted from this theory?

15
Next Freudian Theory
  • Major Theory 2 - Personality Theory
  • HINT Remember the Scale!

16
Personality Theory
  • According to Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic
    theory of personality, personality is composed of
    three elements. These three elements of
    personality--known as the id, the ego and the
    superego--work together to create complex human
    behaviors

17
Personality Theory
  • These three parts represent who we are and how we
    represent ourselves to the world.
  • We use the image of the scale to help us remember
    this theory because the three parts are
    constantly swaying back and forth, trying to find
    some kind of balance.
  • The Ego and Id are in a constant battle with each
    other

18
Personality Theory
  • THE ID
  • The id is the only component of personality that
    is present from birth.
  • This aspect of personality is entirely
    unconscious and includes all of the instinctive
    and primitive behaviours.
  • The id represents primitive desires
  • It is the human want
  • Represents chaos
  • The id is driven by the pleasure principle which
    strives for immediate gratification of all
    desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not
    satisfied immediately, the result is a state
    anxiety or tension.

19
Personality Theory
  • THE SUPEREGO
  • The superego is the aspect of personality that
    holds all of our internalized moral standards and
    ideals that we acquire from both our parents and
    society--our sense of right and wrong.
  • The superego provides guidelines for making
    judgments.
  • The superego represents the conscience
  • It is the should of human beings
  • It is socialized and represents order
  • The superego acts to perfect and civilize our
    behavior. It works to suppress all unacceptable
    urges of the id and struggles to make the ego act
    upon idealistic standards rather that upon
    realistic principles.

20
Personality Theory
  • THE EGO
  • The ego is the component of personality that is
    responsible for dealing with reality.
  • According to Freud, the ego develops from the id
    and ensures that the impulses of the id can be
    expressed in a manner acceptable in the real
    world.
  • Essentially the ego works as a balancing force
    between the id and superego. It is like the
    center of the scale.
  • The ego functions in all of the conscious,
    preconscious and the conscious mind.
  • This is the self, or who you view yourself as.
  • It is your personality and the way you portray
    yourself to the world.

21
Our Psyche
22
Review
  • What helps us remember Freuds first theory?
  • What helps us remember Freuds second theory?
  • Explain the Superego.
  • Explain the Id.
  • Explain the Ego.
  • What is the role of the ego?

23
Next Stop- Carl Jung
  • Carl Jungs major concepts that we will look at
    are
  • The Collective Unconscious
  • The Theory of the Archetype
  • From here, we will learn about our main focus
    which will be the archetype of the
  • Shadow Self

24
The Collective Unconscious
  • Jung shared some commonalities with Freud but
    felt that dreams were more than an expression of
    repressed wishes.
  • suggested that dreams revealed both the personal
    and collective unconscious and believed that
    dreams serve to compensate for parts of the
    psyche that are underdeveloped in waking life.
  • However, later research by Hall discovered that
    the traits people exhibit while they awake are
    also expressed in dreams.

25
The Collective Unconscious
  • Jung agreed with Freud on the idea that everyone
    has a personal unconscious from which our
    motivations derive, however, Jung developed this
    theory further to suggest that one aspect of an
    individuals psyche is identical to all other
    members of the same species.
  • Therefore a part of all minds go beyond personal
    experience and draw upon a common source.
  • This concept goes beyond the spiritual, with Jung
    describing it as a biological function of the
    mind.

26
The Collective Unconscious
  • For Jung, the experiences of the individual are
    conditioned by the experiences of the human race
    (all who have gone before). The unconscious
    mental record of these experiences, Jung called
    the collective unconscious.
  • Essentially, Jung believed that each one of us
    have our own individual consciousness, but we
    also have a separate consciousness, one that has
    been passed down and is shared with all humans.
    We can relate this to our human instincts.
  • Jung believed that the collective unconscious is
    not directly knowable but that it expresses
    itself in the form of an archetype.

27
Collective Unconscious
  • HINT Remember the analogy of the
  • FILING CABINET

28
The Archetype
  • According to Jung an archetype is a figurethat
    repeats itself in the course of history whenever
    creative fantasy is fully manifested.
  • The three fundamental qualities of an archetype
    are
  • An archetype is a preconscious, instinctual
    expression of humans basic nature.
  • An archetype is universal it is generated by
    humans psyche regardless of time of place.
  • An archetype is recurrent. From prehistoric
    times until the end of the earth, it expresses
    humans reaction to essentially changeless
    situations.

29
Archetypes
  • The number of possible archetypes is as unlimited
    as mans experiences, however, they may be
    grouped in three major categories
  • Characters
  • Situations
  • Symbols or associations

30
Archetypes and the Shadow
  • Jung recognizes a plethora of archetypes that
    exist within our collective unconscious.
  • He believed that these models are innate,
    universal and hereditary.
  • They outline how we experience the world around
    us.
  • The Self, the Persona, the Anima or
    Animus and the Shadow are a short list of
    human archetypes that exist.

31
The Shadow
  • The Shadow is a very common archetype that
    reflects deeper elements of our psyche, where
    latent dispositions, which are common to us all
    arise.
  • It also reflects something that was once split
    from us in our early lives.
  • It is, like its names sake, dark, shadowy,
    unknown and potentially troubling.
  • It is, essentially, our opposite character.
  • We can often see the shadow in others and
    recognize it in ourselves, however we more
    typically deny it in ourselves and project it
    onto others.

32
The Shadow
  • It is the "dark side" of the ego, and the
  • evil that we are capable of is often stored
    there.
  • In actuality, the shadow is amoral -- neither
    good nor bad, just like animals. An animal is
    capable of tender care for its young and vicious
    killing for food, but it doesn't choose to do
    either.
  • It is instinctive and irrational.
  • It is also prone to projecting our issues onto
    others- for instance turning a personal
    inferiority into a perceived moral deficiency in
    someone else.
  • The shadow may show itself in others, as stated
    above, in dreams or in hallucinations, but we
    frequently have interactions with it in some way.

33
Individuation
  • Individuation is a process we undergo in order to
    develop our Self.
  • This process is a life-long one and has many
    different levels.
  • The ultimate goal is to merge our conscious and
    unconscious minds.

34
Individuation
  • Part of this process involves encountering our
    shadow.
  • During this merger with the shadow, there are two
    possibilities we can either
  • Assimilate with it - meaning that we get a step
    closer to developing our sense of self or we
  • Identify with it - meaning we lost the moral
    battle and do not come any closer to our own
    self-awareness.

35
Now what does any of this have to do with Pi?
  • That is what you need to find out
  • GOOD LUCK!
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