Vertebrate Origins

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Vertebrate Origins
Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian
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Diversity of Chordates
American toad, Bufo americanus
56,000 species 10 mm to 40 m long Every
habitat Large body size
Pronghorn antelope, Antilocarpa americana
Sea squirt, Atriolum robustum
Laughing gull, Larus atricilla
Amphioxus (probably Branchiostoma)
Shoal chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma
Eastern box turtle, Terrapene carolina
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Endostyle-thyroid

• Chordate Characteristics
• Notochord
• Pharynx
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail
• Endostyle-thyroid gland

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Endostyle-thyroid

• Chordate Characteristics
• Notochord
• Pharynx
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail
• Endostyle-thyroid gland

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Endostyle-thyroid

• Chordate Characteristics
• Notochord
• Pharynx
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail
• Endostyle-thyroid gland

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Endostyle-thyroid

• Chordate Characteristics
• Notochord
• Pharynx
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail
• Endostyle-thyroid gland

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Endostyle-thyroid

• Chordate Characteristics
• Notochord
• Pharynx
• Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail
• Endostyle-thyroid gland

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How are vertebrates different from other
chordates?

• ENDOSKELETON Vertebrae? (actually vertebrae are
  lacking in hagfishes and rudimentary in
  lampreys)
• 2. Cephalization Cranium (all sense organs
  located towad anterior region of body)
• 3. Tripartite brain with associated complex,
  paired sense organs and cranial nerves
• 4. Chambered heart CLOSED circulatory system
• Alimentary canal (digestive system)
• Specialized organ systems

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Body Systems

• Integumentary
• Hair, skin, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous
  glands
• Protection
• Regulates body temperature
• Houses sense organs

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Body Systems

• Muscular
• Muscles
• FXN
• causes body movement
• maintains posture
• produces body heat

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Body Systems

• Skeletal
• Bones, cartilage, ligaments
• Aids in movements
• Support
• Protects
• Produces blood cells

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Body Systems

• Digestive System
• Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophogus,
  stomach, liver, sm and lg intestines
• Breakdown food and absorbs nutrients
• Excretes waste

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Body Systems

• Respiratory
• Lungs and nasal cavity, bronchi
• Exchange gases

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Body Systems

• circulatory
• Heart and blood vessels
• Transports blood and nutrients thru body

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Body Systems

• Excretory/ urinary
• Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra
• Removes waste from blood
• maintain water balance
• eliminates urine

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Body Systems

• Endocrine
• Pituitary glands, pancreas thyroid, adrenal gland
• Secrete hormones to regulate metabolism

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Body Systems

• Nervous
• Brain, spinal column, sense organs
• Respond to stimuli

Animation http//health.howstuffworks.com/adam-20
0011.htm
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Body Systems

• Reproductive
• Vagina/Penis
• Reproduction
• Support dev of embyro

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