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Burn Treatment

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Burn Treatment & Safety Nueces County Risk Management Department Burns 70% of burn injuries occur in the home Prevention Smoke alarms Candles (xmas) Pan placement on ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Burn Treatment


1
Burn Treatment Safety
  • Nueces County
  • Risk Management Department

2
Burns
  • 70 of burn injuries occur in the home

3
Prevention
  • Smoke alarms
  • Candles (xmas)
  • Pan placement on stoves
  • Fire extinguisher
  • Care around flammable products
  • (gasoline, kerosene) Nephew
  • Appliances off
  • Fireplace and wood stoves inspected

4
Practice A Family Fire Drill
  • Ladder for upstairs
  • Baseball bat for windows
  • Stickers on windows
  • Plan an alternate escape route
  • Meet outside at a designated place

5
House Fire Scenario
  • You are in a bedroom, the door is closed, what do
    you do?

6
House Fire Scenario
  • Drop to hands and knees (more toxic next to the
    floor)
  • Crawl to door
  • Feel door, knobIf hot, do not open
  • Most deaths are from smoke inhalation

7
Burns
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
  • Electrical

8
Thermal Burns
  • Caused by
  • Flames
  • Hot objects
  • Flammable vapor that ignites
  • Steam or hot liquid
  • (baby in Texas)

9
Thermal Burns What To Do
  • Stop
  • Drop
  • Roll

10
Thermal Burns What To Do 2
  • Remove smoldering, hot, or burned clothing
  • Do not remove stuck clothing
  • Remove jewelry if possible (necklace burn)

11
Thermal Burns What To Do
  • Make quick assessment
  • Check ABCs
  • It is appropriate to consider the following but
    dont waste time
  • Determine depth of burn
  • Determine extent of burn (rule of 9s
  • Head 9 (18 child infant)
  • One hand and arm 9
  • Each leg 18 (14 child and infant)
  • Front torso 18 (9 upper half, 9 lower half)
  • Back torso 18 (9 upper half, 9 lower half)

12
Thermal Burns What To Do
  • Rule of palm 1
  • Use for scatter burns
  • See physician for burns to face, hands, feet or
    genitals
  • Circumferential burn? See physician
  • Does victim have other medical problems?

13
Chemical Burns
  • Caused by
  • Acids (batteries)
  • Alkalis (drain cleaners- often more extensive)
  • Organic compounds (oil products)

14
Chemical Burns
  • If substance is dry
  • Brush off before rinsing with water
  • Protect yourself
  • After brushing off chemical, or after exposure to
    liquid chemical
  • Rinse with water for 20/30 minutes or longer
  • Remove contaminated clothing while flushing with
    water
  • Final rinse? Use soap
  • Burn may develop slowly

15
Chemical Burns 2
  • Call poison control
  • Cover with dry sterile dressing
  • Do not try to neutralize a chemical
  • (save label)
  • Seek medical attention for all chemical burns

16
Electrical Burns
  • Prevention
  • Outlet covers
  • Breakers
  • Gadget for checking power
  • Excessive number of power cords plugged in

17
Electrical Burns
  • External burns may not be present
  • May induce
  • ventricular fibrillation (cardiac problems)
  • Respiration problems
  • Freeze due to muscle spasms

18
Electrocution
  • Electricity travels along nerves and vessels
  • Exits body where it is in contact with ground
  • May have several exit sites
  • Surface injury may be tip of the ice berg

19
Car Accident Involving Power Line
  • What should you do first?
  • Should you remove victim from the vehicle?
  • What if you feel tingling in your legs?
  • Should you try to remove downed wires or poles?
  • (buried power line)

20
Someone Has Made Contact with Power Inside Your
House
  • What would you do first?
  • Then
  • Check ABCs
  • Treat for shock
  • Seek medical attention

21
What to do for Electrical Burns
  • Once the power is off, Check ABCs
  • Spinal injury from fall?
  • Treat for shock
  • Most are 3rd degree
  • Cover with sterile dressing, elevate body part
  • Seek medical attention (burn center)
  • (combine / lift)

22
Degree of Burns
  • First-degree (superficial)
  • Second-degree (partial thickness)
  • Third-degree (full thickness)

23
First Degree Burns (superficial)
  • Affects outer layer of skin
  • Redness, swelling, tenderness, pain
  • Usually heals without scarring

24
Care of First-Degree Burns
  • Immerse in cold water (or other cold fluids or
    use cold, wet, cloths)
  • At least 10 minutes
  • Do not apply cold on burn covering gt20 of the
    body
  • Aspirin or ibpuprofen
  • Acetaminophen will not reduce inflammation
  • Bacitracin (no other OTC products)
  • Aloe vera , moisturizer lotion
  • Dressing?
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Protect burn from friction or pressure

25
Second Degree Burns (partial thickness)
  • Extends into the inner layer of skin
  • Blisters, swelling, weeping, severe pain

26
Care of Second Degree Burns
  • Immerse in cold water / wet pack
  • Aspirin or ibuprofen
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Apply bacitracin or Silvedene (do not use home
    remedies)
  • Cover burn with non-sticking dressing
  • If burn is extensive
  • Treat for shock / seek medical attention
  • Do not break blisters
  • Hot tar on lip
  • Medical help required 10 of adult burned, 5
    child

27
Third Degree Burns
  • Extends through skin, muscle and bone -Nerve
    endings are destroyed
  • Discoloration
  • Area larger than a half-dollar requires tissue
    removal and grafting to properly heal

28
Care of Third Degree Burns
  • Usually not necessary to apply cold to areas of
    third degree
  • If more than 20 of body is burned, do not
    immerse
  • Do not apply ointments
  • Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not use
    plastic)
  • Check ABCs
  • Treat for shock
  • Medical help
  • (radiator burn)

29
Sunburn
  • Usually 1st degree, sometimes 2nd degree
  • Cool compresses
  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • Fever / chills
  • Use lotions, bacitracin (lake, snow skiing, lips,
    ears)
  • Prevention
  • Sunscreen SPF 30 has only 3 gt protection than
    SPF 15
  • Skin cancer

30
Respiratory Tract Burns
  • All must receive medical care
  • Nose to trachea receives brunt of the burn
  • Swelling may appear in 2 to 24 hours
  • Chlorine
  • Add to water
  • Wall paper removers
  • Bathroom cleaning agents (chemistry set)
  • Use products in well ventilated area
  • Dont mix ammonia and bleach
  • Toilet bowl flushes

31
Other Moderate to Severe Burns Requiring Medical
Care
  • Under 5 years old / over 55
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Other injuries
  • Electrical injury
  • Suspected child abuse (teacher liability)
  • 2nd degree gt10 of body
  • Third degree
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