1)??? (to do); 2) ???/????(doing);

1
?????
2
?????????? ?????,???????, ????? 1)???
(to do) 2) ???/????(doing) 3)
????(done)???????? 1. ???????? 2.
????????? 3. ???????????, ???,
??(?????),???????,???
3
????????????/???? ??study??
???? (????)
?? ?? ??
?????
?????
?????
?????
?????
?????
?????
?????
study/studies
am/is/are studied
will study
will be studied
is/am/are studying
is/am/are being studied
have/has studied
has/have been studied
studied
was/were studied
would study
would be studied
was/were studying
was/were being studied
had been studied
had studied
4
????????????/???? ??study??
?????
??? to study
??? ???
??? to study to be studied
??? to have studied to have been studied
??? to be studying /
???/???? studying
??? ???
??/??? studying being studied
??? having studied having been studied
???? studied
5
??
Exercise 1

• ????????????
• They wanted to see a film.
• He is looking for a room to live in.
• When he came in, he saw her crying.
• Its no use talking too much.
• Feeling tired and sad, he lay down on the floor.
• What is the language spoken in Australia ?

______
__________ ??????
________ ??????
___________
_______
____
______ ?????
__
______________ ??????
_________________ ?????(??)
________
__
______ ???????
6
7. My job is teaching English. 8. We come here
to learn from you. 9. He left the room without
being noticed. 10. The boy came in jumping and
shouting. 11. Practising English a lot is very
important and necessary.
______________ ??????
__
____
________________ ??????(??)
_____________ ????(??)??
____
___________________ ?????(??)
_______
__
____________________ ??????
7
??????????

• ??? to do
• 2.???/ ???? doing
• 3.???? done

??
Exercises
??
Exercises
??
Exercises
8
???
The Infinitive
Exercises
9
???
I. ?????
??? ???
??? to do to be done
??? to have done to have been done
??? to be doing /
?? ???????????to?? not ??
10
???????(????????????) to be doing He
pretended to be sleeping when Mom came in. They
seem to be quarrelling over there. He is said to
be studying abroad at present.
???????????? They are said _______________. ??????
???????? He happened ________________ when the
teacher came in.
to be building the subway here.
to be eating sth
11
???????(???????????) to
have done I happened to have read it before
class. He seemed to have known it already.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
????????? He pretended _____________. ???????
?????? He seemed ________________.
to have read this book.
to have visited the factory.
12
???????(??????????) to be done //
to have been done Nobody likes to be laughed
at. The meeting to be held tonight is very
important. He is said to have been sent to work
in Xingjiang.
???????????? I want this book _____________ ?????
?????? The bridge happened ______________.
to be translated into German.
to have been washed away.
13
II. ??????????
??????????,??,??,??, ??,??????
1. To master a foreign language is not an easy
thing. 2. It is good manners to wait in line.
3. The most important thing is to put theory into
practice. 4. When the teacher came in, the
students pretended to be doing exercises . 5. Do
you think it better to translate it in this way?
??
??
??
??
??
14
6. He asked me to finish the job in the
morning. 7. I had to shout to be heard. 8. Its
nice of you to be helping us these days. 9. It
has been an honor for me to have travelled so
much in your country. 10. She was the last person
to have been mentioned at the meeting. 11. I
never expected the shoes to be worn out so
soon. 12. There is nothing to worry about.
??
??
??
??
??
??
??
15

• ???
• To see is to believe.
• 2. Its not easy to learn a foreign language.
• His mother told him not to ride bicycle in the
  street.
• I went to Beijing to attend a meeting.
• 5. When the teacher came in, the students
  pretended to be doing exercises.
• 6. He doesnt like to be asked questions.
• .

??
??
??
?????
??
??
??
16
Exercise 2
?????????
1.It?????????????? ????,???????????
????,??????????? It is interesting to talk with
you. Its nice of you to invite us here. I think
it better to tell him now.
? for sb. to do / of sb. to do ??? It is
adj.for sb.??????????????????.?important,
possible, necessary, difficult, hard,
reasonable?? It is adj.of sb.???????????????
??.?kind, silly, good, unwise, right, clever,
wrong, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite,
bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty
??
17
2.??????????? ? make, let, have??????see,
watch, notice, hear, feel, observe
????????????,?????to ????????????,??????to
Someone saw him enter your room.
He was seen to enter your room. The
boss made the workers work long hours.
The workers were made to work long
hours. ????????????????(???)
??? ask, tell, invite, encourage, want, allow,
advise, wish/hope, order, help ??????????,???to???
The teacher asked me to come early. The officer
ordered the new soldiers to stand still.
18
3.?had better, would rather, would ratherthan,
do nothing but, why(not) ?????????to
You had better listen to your teachers
opinion. I would rather work than stay idle.
We could do nothing but obey.
4. ??????????? want, like, wish, hate,
prefer, hope, fail, plan, refuse, ask, continue,
manage, try, offer start, begin, forget,
remember, promise, mean, pretend, intend,
attempt, decide, learn, manage, agree, expect,
afford, happen, encourage
5. ????????? be able to do, be about to
do, used to do, be glad to do, would
like to do, be likely to do, be supposed to do

19
6.???????????? There are so many pens that I
dont know which to choose. Can you tell me
where to have the meeting ?
exercise
7.???????????? ( toin order to / so as to)
They started early to catch the bus. She got
up early not to be late.
8. ???????? 1) ?? tooto (????) Jane
is too young to go to school. ? ??????anxious,
kind, eager, glad, ready ? tooto ??????????,
too???very She was too anxious to see her
baby. Im only too glad to help you. 2) ??
enoughto The road is wide enough for three
horses to go.
20
Exercise Change the sentences after the model

• I asked the teacher how I should do it.
• I asked the teacher how to do it.
• I really dont know what I should write about.
• I really dont know _________________.
• The question is when we should start the work.
• The question is _____________________.
• Its not yet decided what people should do next
• Its not yet decided __________________.
• I have a question but I dont know who I shall
  ask.
• I have a question but I dont know
  _____________

what to write about
when to start the work
what to do next
whom to ask
??
21
9. ????? 1) I have no pen to write with. 2)
They have a room to live in. 3) The ice is not
hard enough to skate on.
10. ???????, ????????????? He is looking
for a room to live in. Please pass me some
paper to write on. We have nothing to eat.
Mary has three babies to look after.
11. ?easy, difficult, pleasant, fit,
heavy???????????? ???????????? a. The water
is not fit to drink. b. The book is difficult
to buy. c. The box is too heavy to carry.
to be drunk

to be bought

to be carried

Exercises
22
Exercise 2 ??????
1. It is useful _________________________________.

(???????) 2.?????????. It is
easier _________ than _________. 3.??????????
It is not difficult _______________________ 4.
????????????? I think __a good habit
__________________ 5. ???????????? It is
foolish ________________________. 6.
Jack??????????? It is very clever
________________________.
for me to read some English every day
to say to do
for me to give up bad habits
it to get up early in the
morning
of them to make such a mistake.
of Jack to stay in the room
23
6.???????? ___________________________________
7. I think ____ a good idea __________________.

(?????) 8. ??????????? ___ took ___ about half
an hour ____________.
9.
????????????. _________________________________
______ 10. ????????????. ___________________
___________________
Its very kind of you to invite me
it to tell him everything
It me
to get there
Its very clever of him to work out the
problem I felt it my responsibility to help him
??
24
Exercise 3 Choose the correct answers

• I ran too fast ____ where I was going.
• A. to notice B. for me to
  notice
• C. to notice for me D. and notice
• Give me a chair _____.
• A. to sit B. sitting C. to sit on D.
  to be sat on
• -- Did the judge as you many questions ?
• -- Yes, and ______.
• A. they were difficult to be answered
• B. to answer them was to be difficult
• C. they were difficult to answer
• D. they were difficult for answering
• 4. We saw him _____ your room.
• A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. was
  entering

25

• 5. Mr White was seen _____ the room.
• A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. was
  entering
• 6. I dont know her and I dont ____.
• A. want B. want to C. want it D. to
  want
• ____ is better to love than ____.
• A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved
• C. It, be loved D. It, to be
  loved
• Its very nice ____ so.
• A. for you to say B. of you to say
• C. with you saying D. for you saying
• 9. He seems ______ here for three years.
• A. to be living B. to have lived
• C. to have been lived D. to live

26
10. We all think ____ necessary _____ him the
news. A. this to tell B.
that not to tell C. it not tell
D. it not to tell 11.________ more time to
review, he gets up at five. A. Have B.
Having C. To have D. Has 12. We can do
nothing but _____ to be punished. A. waiting
B. to wait C. wait D. waited 13. Ive
worked with children before, so I know what
____ in my new job. A. expected
B. to expect C. to be expecting D.
expects 14. The purpose of new technologies is to
make life easier, _______ it more
difficult. A. not make B. not to
make C. not making D. do not make
27
Exercise 5 Fill in the blanks
?????
to put

• Its better ________ (put) your money in a bank
• than _________(keep) it under your bed.
• Visitors are asked __________ (not feed) the
  animals.
• Students come to school ____________ (educate).
• He pretended ___________ (look) for something
  when I wanted to speak to him.
• He is said _______________ (finish) his work
  already.
• --- Youd better ________ (stay) at home. Its
• going to rain.
• --- Well, Id rather ________ (walk) in the
  rain.

to keep
not to feed
to be educated
to be looking
to have finished
stay
walk
28
do
7. I often see him _______ (do) such foolish
things. 8. He pretended ___________ (not hear) I
wanted to speak to him 9. What I want to do now
is ________ (have) a bath. 10. I really dont
know _______________________ (??????). 11. Let me
show you ______________ (????) this
machine. 12. The workers were made _________
(work) long hours every day in this
factory. 13. The book seems ________________
(translate) several languages since it was
published.
not to hear
to have
when to have the meeting
how to operate
to work
to have been translated
29
Exercise 6 ????
1.???????????2.???,?????????3.????????????4.???
????5.????? 6.?????????????
30
1.Do you have anything else to say? 2.Sorry, I
forgot to post your letter. 3. Remember to bring
your sister here. 4. They want to go to
college. 5. I want to have my hair cut (have a
haircut). 6. Have you heard him sing this song?
31
7.??????????????8.????????????9.?????????
(fail)?10.?????????????11.???????????12.???????
????
32
7. They move backward to keep some distance 8.
The boss made the workers work the whole day. 9.
I failed to pass the computer exam. 10. She is
too weak to lift the big stone. 11. Would you
like to carry this bag for me? 12.The chair is
comfortable to sit on.
33
13.????????????14.?????????????15.????????? 16.
?????????????
34
13.The ice is too thin to skate on. 14.The house
is too cold to live in. 15.I have no pen to write
with. 16.I will tell you how to get to the museum
35
???/????
V-ing form
36
???/????

1. ???/??????

??? ???
??/??? doing being done
??? having done having been done
?? ??????????? not ??
exercises
37
II. V-ing ????
v-ing??????,?????????, ???????,??,??,??,??,????
??( v-ing???????????, ?????????????????)

• Teaching is learning.
• The news is encouraging.
• We really appreciate your coming to the party.
• The rain prevented us from going out.
• The man walking with us yesterday is a reporter.

________ ??
_______ ??
__________ ??
_____________________ ??
(????)
________ ????
______________________ ??
38

• 6. There are many reading materials in his room.
• Feeling tired and sad, he lay down on the floor.
• They rushed out , laughing and shouting.
• Having prepared the lessons, he could answer all
  the questions.
• I dont like being disturbed when Im working.
• The naughty boy was punished by being sent to
  bed.
• The building being built will be a stadium.
• Listen ! Can you hear someone knocking at the
  door ?

______ ??
__________________ ??(??)
____________________ ??(??)
________________________ ??(??)
____________ ??
___________ ????
________ ??
________________ ?????
39
I. V-ing ??????

• 1. Teaching is learning.
• Talking with Jack is a pleasure.
• His hobby is painting.
• What he likes most is singing English songs.

?? v-ing ???????,????? v-ing ?????????
??????????? it ????? Its a
pleasure to talk with Jack. ??
??????????????????? Her job is teaching
English in a university. His greatest
pleasure is fishing. His plan is to hold a
party for his mother. Her wish is to
become a teacher.
???? ??! Its no use / good doing sth. Its
no use waiting here. Its no good trying to do
it.
40
II V-ing ???
1) My cousin enjoys fishing. 2) Have you
considered moving to another city ? 3) Do you
mind my opening the window ? 4) I dont feel like
working today. 5) Im sorry for my being late.
????v-ing????????????? ??v-ing
(????)??????? enjoy(??), finish(??),
avoid(??), consider(??), mind(??), practise(??),
keep(??), imagine(??), delay(??), suggest (??),
appreciate (??,??) risk (??), admit (??), deny
(??), cant help (???), give up (??), feel like
(??, ??), put off (??),
41
2. ?????? be proud of (???) be tired of
(???) instead of (??,???) look forward to
(??), preventfrom (??) be fond of
(??), be used to (???) depend on
(???) insist on (??) be busy
(in) (??) pay attention to (??)
devote to (???) ???V-ing ?????
He is not used to being treated like that. Im
busy (in) preparing my composition these days. He
is tired of doing the same thing everyday. We are
looking forward to your coming.
42
3. ?forget, remember, stop, like, regret,
consider, mean ??????????????V-ing??,?????
1) I forgot to attend the meeting yesterday.
(????????????) I forgot reading the
book. (???????????) 2)Remember to
write to me. ( ??) I remember seeing
her somewhere.(??) 3)I like swimming but I
dont like to swim today. 4) My brother
regretted missing a lecture given by
Professor Smith. I regret to inform you
that we are unable to help you. 5)
Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
I meant to help you, but I was so busy.
43
4. ???need, want,(??), be worth (??)??
v-ing???,????????? 1) The car needs washing.
(to be washed) 2) The rule needs
explaining.(to be explained) 3) The film is
worth seeing. ( ? to be seen )
5.???forbid(??), allow(??), permit(??)??
v-ing???, ?????????,?????,? forbid sb. to do
sth. allow sb. to do sth. permit sb. to do
sth. 1) Sorry, we dont allow smoking here.
Toms parents do not allow Tom to smoke.
2) The police forbid parking here. The
heavy rain forbade me to go to school.
44
III. V-ing??????

• V-ing???,???see, hear, watch, feel, find,
  make?????,???????????
• When I came in, I saw her writing something.
• The children watched the plane taking off at the
  airport.
• The professor was trying to make his speech
  moving.
• The next day she found a man lying in bed, dead.
• I always find grandma sitting quietly near the
  stove, knitting.
• Dont you hear someone calling you ?

45

• ???????????
• Did you notice anyone walk out of the room ?
• Nobody noticed the girl enter the room.
• I noticed an old woman walking across the street
  at three yesterday.
• When we saw the sun rising above the surface of
  water, we let out a shout of joy.

??????,?????????(?????????)????????????? V-i
ng ???,??????????(??????) ?????see, hear,
watch, feel, observe, notice, have, make, let
????????????to ??? ask, tell,
invite??????????,?????
46
IV. V-ing ???
Exercise 2
?????????????????(????) 1. He rushed into the
burning house. (??????) 2. The boys playing
basketball are my classmates.
(??????) 3. A sleeping child is sleeping
in a sleeping car. (??????)
(????) 4. The building being built there
will be a stadium.
(?????????) 5. The man walking with us yesterday
is a reporter.
(??????) 6. Theres something exciting in
todays newspaper.
(????,??????)
?v-ing????????????????(?1,3) v-ing??????????????
???(?2,4,5)??????something, anything, nothing,
everybody?,????????(?6)
47
????????,???????????????????,??????????,??,
????????????????????
1. The boys playing basketball are my classmates.
--- The boys who are playing basketball are
my classmates. 2. The man walking with us
yesterday is a reporter. --- The man who
walked with us yesterday is a reporter. 3. The
building being built there will be a stadium.
--- The building which is being built there
will be a stadium.
4. The pen which is lying on the table is mine.
The pen _________________ is mine. 5. The
students who came late were asked to sit behind.
The students ____________ were asked to sit
behind. 6. The film which is being shown is worth
seeing. The film ______________ is worth
seeing.
lying on the table
coming late
being shown
48
V. V-ing???
Exercise 3

• ????
• 1) Walking along the street, I met an old
  friend of mine. (???When I was walking along
  )
• 2) Entering the dining-room, he saw his mother
  cooking. (??? When he entered )
• 3) Having stayed in Japan for many years, he
• knows the country quite well.
• (???After he has lived in
  )

2 ???? 1) Not knowing how to do it, I asked
him to help me. ( ???As I didnt
know) 2) Being a teacher, I should be strict
with my students. (???As I am a teacher)
49

• ????
• Standing on the church tower, you will see the
  whole village. ( ???If you stand on )

Exercise 3

• ???? ??,??
• 1)Being old, he studies hard.
• (???Although he is old,)
• 2) Being blind and deaf, Helen Keller learned
  how to speak and write. ( Although she was blind
  and deaf,)

5. ?????? 1) The boy rushed out, laughing
and shouting. 2) She stood there, waiting
for the bus. (????????????)
?1???????????v-ing
?2 ?????,???????????????
50
Exercise 1. Choose the correct answers

• _____ a language requires time and effort.
• A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D.
  Being learned
• 2. It is not always easy _____ invitations.
• A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused
  D. refused
• 3. To live is ______.
• A. struggle B. struggling C. to struggle
  D. struggled
• 4. How ____ the problem will be discussed soon.
• A. to solve B. to be solved
  
• C. being solved D. solving
• 5. It is no good ____. You should give it up.
• A. smoking B. to smoke C. for smoking
  D. smoke
• 6. I dont think its much use _____ to him.
• A. writing B. to writing C. write D.
  to be writing

51
7. I like _____ very much, but I dont like ____
this morning. A. swimming, swimming B. to
swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to
swim, swimming 8. --- Did you close the door ?
--- Yes, I remember ____ it. A. to close B.
to closing C. closing D. closed 9. Remember
_____back the newspaper when you have finished
it. A. putting B. having put C. to put
D. put 10. The teacher told the students to stop
____ to him. A. to write and listen B.
writing and listening C. to write and
listening D. writing and to listen 11. He
finished his homework, then he went on ___ a
letter. A. write B. writing C. with
D. to write
52
12. The grass has grown so tall that it needs
_____. A. to cut B. cutting C. be
cut D. being cut 13. The passage wants _____
once more. A. to explain B.
explaining C. being explained D. be
explained 14. He is still not used _____ in the
countryside. A. live B. to live C.
living D. to living 15. A very well-known
person ____ in this house. A. is used to
live B. used to live C. is used to
living D. used to living 16. Ali said that she
wouldnt mind ____ alone at home. A. left
B. being left C. to be left D. leaving 17.
We cant understand why he avoids ____ to us.
A. to speak B. speak C. speaking D.
being spoken 18. Visitors are not allowed ____ in
the museum. A. smoke B. to smoke C.
smoking D. to smoking
53

• Choose the correct answers
• 19. Why do you stand and watch the milk ____ over
  ?
• A. boiling B. boiled
• C. from boiling D. being boiled
• 20. Walking along the river, we heard someone
  _____.
• A. shouting B. shout
• C. shouted D. having shouted
• Did you notice anyone ____ the room today ?
• A. enter B. to enter
• C. entering D. having entered
• Professor made her pupils ____ the texts three
  times a week.
• A. recite B. recited C. reciting
  D. to recite
• 23. The doctor advised me _____ more rest.
• A. get B. getting C. to get D. to
  getting

54
Exercise 2 Translation

a walking stick a sleeping car a swimming pool a
driving permit a booking office a dressing
mirror ??? ????
??? ??? ???
?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? a washing
machine reading materials drinking water opening
speech running water
55
Exercise 3 Complete the following sentences
crying child

1. Whos that ______________ ( ?????)?
2. The man ___________________ (???????)is our maths
   teacher.
3. Do you know all the students ______________
   _______(??????)?
4. ________________________ ( ???????)is very
   important.
5. Whose is ________________________ ( ??????????)?
6. Look! What is that ______________ (???)?
7. Please put the box on __________________ (???). I
   want to know how heavy it is.

sitting by the window
coming to the
party
The problem being discussed
the bicycle being repaired
flying object
the weighing machine
56
performing there
8. The people __________________ (??????) play
different instruments. 9. It is a good ________
(???) place for them ? 10.________________________
______ (??????????) is my sister. 11. When I
entered the room, I found _________________
(?????). 12. When we were walking along the
street, we heard ___________________ (?????).
hiding
The girl singing in the next room
him watching TV
shouting for help
57
Exercise 4. ????????????
1. When you pass by the village, you can see an
old temple. Passing by the village, you can
see an old temple. 2. When she heard the news,
she couldnt help crying. ____________________
_, she couldnt help crying. 3. As I didnt
receive a reply, I decided to call again.
_____________________, I decided to call
again. 4. As she was so excited, she couldnt
sleep that night. _____________________, she
couldnt sleep that night. 5. Though he is a boy
of five, he can read and write.
_____________________, he can read and write. 6.
As Mary was ill, she couldnt come to school.
______________, Mary couldnt come to school. 7.
As she hadnt been invited, she had to stay at
home. ______________________, she had to stay
at home.
Hearing the news Not receiving a reply Being so
excited Being a boy of five Being ill Not
having been invited
58

• Exercise 5 Complete the following sentences
• ____________________ (??????), she couldnt help
  laughing.
• ____________________ (???????), he saw his wife
  ______________ (????).
• ________________ (?????????), he learns
  car-repairing quickly.
• ______________________ (?????), she is reading
  an English poem.
• _________________________ (????), he felt much
  better.
• ___________________ (?????), youll find the post
  office.

Thinking of the joke
Arriving at the airport
waving to him
Being a clever boy
Standing by the window
Having taken the medicine
Turning to the right
59
Exercise 6. V-ing ? ??????????

• He was so tired that he had to stop ______ (work)
  _______ (have ) a rest.
• She is used to ________ (live) a lonely life
  because he used ________ (live) alone for a long
  time.
• --- Lets _______ (go) for a swim.
• --- Im not fond of ________ (swim). What
• about _______(go) for a drive instead ?
• He is talking about _______ (give) up the job and
  ______ (go) to teach in the country.
• I dont mind ________ (wait). Its better ______
  (be) too early than too late.

working
to have
living
to live
go
swimming
going
giving
going
waiting
to be
60

• 6. I regret _______ (tell) you truth. It made
  you so sad.
• I regret _______ (tell) you that youve fail in
  the maths exam. You should have worked harder.
• He kept _______ (ring) up and ______ (ask) for an
  explanation and she didnt know what _______ (do)
  about him.
• Though he had often made his little sister
  _______ (cry), today he was made ________ (cry)
  by his little sister.
• I watched her ________ (walk) slowly and with
  great care.

telling
to tell
ringing
asking
to do
cry
to cry
walking
61
????
62
I.??????? ????,??, ??????? ????? not
?????? ??????????(?risen, fallen, gone
?)??????????(??????)
II. ????????? ????????????????????,?? ??, ??,
?????,???
63
????????????

• The excited boy finally became quiet.
• (???,????, ??????)
• 2 The broken cup is lying on the floor.
• (???, ????,??)
• 3 A woman called Janet is looking for you.
• (???,????)
• 4 She felt discouraged at the result.
• (???,????)
• 5 I found the boy beaten black and blue.
• (???,????)
• 6 Mary had her dress washed.
• (???,????)

64

• Seen from the top of the mountain, the city
• looks wonderful. (?????,???)
• (???If it is seen from )
• (Compare
• Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will
  find the city beautiful. )
• 8. Given enough sunlight, the flower will grow
  very well. (?????,???)
• (???If it is given )

65
???????
A. ????, ??(??????) an honored guest
?????? an injured worker ????? stolen
cultural relics ???? an unknown plant ??????
an organized trip ?????? a well-kept secret
????? printed articles ?????
66
B.?????????(??????) fallen leaves
?? a retired teacher ???? a
developed country ????
? ing ?? falling leaves a developing
country a crying baby a waiting room
building materials
v-ing ???????????????
67
C. ?????

• A trapped animal cant run away.
• 2. They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the
  yard.
• 3. The injured workers are now being taken good
  care of in the hospital.
• 4. The house built three centuries ago still
  looks strong. (which was built )
• 5. Who were the guests invited to your party last
  night? (who had been invited to your party)

?????????????????????(?1-3)?????????????????????
(?4-5) ????????
68

• ???, --ing??, ???????????????
• to be done being done done
• The question to be discussed tomorrow is very
  important.
• The question being discussed at present is very
  important.
• The question discussed yesterday is very
  important.

????
?????
????
69
???????
?? ?? ??? ?? 1. ?????????, ?????,
????? 2. ????? be ???????(seem, keep, feel, )
1) You seem frightened. 2) He is most
concerned about current affairs in the world.
3) He was very surprised to see his lost wallet
on the table. 4) I felt disappointed at the
news.
???? ????(????) ???????? 1) The glass is
broken. ????? (????) 2) The glass was
broken by Tom.
???Tom????
70
???????
???????????????? ????,????????????, ??????????? ??
?????????????,??????????
Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks
more beautiful. (When our school is seen from
the top of the hill, it looks more beautiful. )
71

• ?????, ???when???
• ??,???????????????????,??????when,while,unti
  l ??,????????
• 1. When heated, water can be changed into
  steam.
• ( When water is heated, it can be changed
  into steam.)
• 2. Asked what had happened, he told us all
  about it.

72
II. ?????, ???if, unless????? 1. Given more
attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
( If the cabbages had been given more time,
they could have grown better. ) 2. Compared
with you, we still have a long way to go. (
If we are compared with you, we ) 3. If
trapped in a burning building, you
should send for help.
73

• ?????,??? as,since,because ??????
• Folded in his pocket, the letter was not found
  until twenty years later.
• ( As the letter was folded in his pocket, it
  was not found until twenty years later.)

Compare Not having received her reply, he
decided to write her another letter.
74
IV.????????? 1.The actress came in, followed
by her fans. 2. She sat by the window, lost
in thought. Compare 1. She sat by the window,
waiting for her mother. 2. The boy rushed out of
the room, crying and shouting.
V.?????,???though?????? Much tired, he still
kept on working. (Though he was tired, )

75
??????????

• ???????,???see, hear, watch, feel, find,
• make???????,??????,?????
• I heard the song sung in English.
• I saw the thief caught by the driver.
• Two years later, we found the lake seriously
  polluted.
• His English is so poor that he cant make
  himself understood.

• ???? have sth. done / get sth. done
• I must have the bicycle repaired.
• Your hair is too long. Youd better have it cut.
• His father got his leg broken in the war.
• I will have my dress dry-washed this afternoon.

76

• Exercise 1 ??????????
• The _________ (frighten) girl sat there quietly.
• He didnt pass the _________ (write) examination.
• The mother was sitting by her ________ (sleep)
  child.
• Most of the guests __________ (invite) to the
  party were college students.
• They stood there watching the _______ (set) sun.
• 6.I like to hear the song _______ (sing) in
  English.
• There are many people _______ (wait) outside.
• China is a ___________ (develop) country.
• What he said at the meeting sound ________
  (move).
• The museum ___________ (build) at present will be
  opened next year.

A
frightened
written
sleeping
invited
setting
sung
waiting
developing
moving
being built
77
B
stealing

1. The police caught him ________ (steal) a car.
2. I found him _________ (lie) on the ground.
3. Can Mary make herself ________ (understand) in
   English ?
4. I heard her ________ (sing) a folk song when I
   went to visit her.

lying
understood
singing
sing
5. I often hear her ________ (sing) English songs
in her room. 6. When I got there, I found some
people already ________ (work) there. 7. You will
find the topic ____________ (talk) about
everywhere these days. 8. When he got home, he
found the door_______(lock). 9. Helen had her
wallet _________ (steal) in the park.
working
being talked
locked
stolen
78
Exercise 2 Put the following into English

• ?????????????
• I often hear the song ________________.
• ???????????????????.
• She was glad to see her son ___________
  _________ in the nursery.
• ???????????????.
• Please get these photos _________ by supper
  time.
• ???????????.
• He heard someone _________________.
• He heard his name ________________.

sung in English
taken good
care of
developed
calling his name
called / being called
79

• Exercise 3. Choose the correct answers
• ____ the news that he did well in the exam, the
  boy was too excited to go to sleep.
• A. Heard B. Hear C. Hearing D. To
  hear
• 2. ____ from her son for a long time, the woman
  felt worried.
• A. Not having heard B. Having not heard
• C. Not hearing D. Not to have
  heard
• 3. ____ to the birthday party of his friend,
  Jack, Tom felt quite unhappy.
• A. Not inviting B. Not having
  invited
• C. Not invited D. Invited not

80
4. ____ a lot of books, the boy knows much more
than the boys of his age. A. Reading
B. Having read C. Read
D. To have read 5. ____ in a red dress, she looks
much younger. A. Dressing B.
Dressed C. Having dressed D. To be
dressed 6. ____ with his classmates, he worked
harder. A. To catch up B. Catch up
C. Catching up D. Having caught up 7. Li
Ming finished his homework, ____ up his
basketball and went out to play. A. picking
B. pick C. to pick D. picked
81

• Exercise 4 Translation
• 1.????,?????
• ______________, he didnt come.
• 2.?????????
• He was sitting there, ______________
• 3.?????,????????
• _______________, they stopped talking.
• 4. ??????,??????
• ________________________, he asked me for
  help.
• 5.?????, ?????????
• _______________________, the city is very
  beautiful.
• 6. ??????,???????
• ______________________, I could have done it
  better.

Being ill
reading a newspaper
Hearing the noise
Not knowing what to do
Seen from the top of the hill
Given me more time