Tissues: The living fabric

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Tissues The living fabric

• Ch 4 b
• Connective Tissue

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First

• Lets review Epithelial tissue

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What type is this?
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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What type is this?
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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What type is this?
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Transitional epithelium
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What type is this?
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Transitional epithelium
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What type is this?
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Pseudostratified epithelium
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Pseudostratified epithelium
What is this called?
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Pseudostratified epithelium
What is this called?
Cilia!
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What type is this?
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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What tissue is this?
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What type is this?
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Simple columnar epithelial tissue
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Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue

• Found throughout the body
• Most abundant and most widely distributed

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Connective Tissue

• Four Main classes
• Connective tissue proper
• Includes fat and fibrous tissue of ligaments
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood

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Functions of Connective Tissue

• Binding and support
• Protection
• Insulation
• Transportation
• blood

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Characteristics of Connective Tissue

• Connective tissues have
• Common origin
• Arise from Mesenchyme (an embryonic tissue)
• Varying degrees of vascularity
• From avascular to rich in blood vessels

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Characteristics of Connective Tissue

• Has large amounts of nonliving extracellular
  matrix, consisting of ground substance and fibers

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Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

• Has 3 main elements
• 1. Ground substance unstructured material that
  fills the space between cells
• 2. Fibers collagen, elastic, or reticular

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Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

• Has 3 main elements
• 3. Cells fibroblasts, chondroblasts,
  osteoblasts, and hematopoietic stem cells

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Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

• Ground substance and fibers make up the matrix

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Ground Substance

• Functions as a molecular sieve through which
  nutrients diffuse between blood capillaries and
  cells

Proteoglycan Structure
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Ground Substance

• Composed of
• Interstitial (tissue) fluid
• Adhesion proteins serves as the glue
• Proteoglycans (protein core with
  glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached
• Traps water

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Fibers 3 types

• Collagen
• Strongest, most abundant
• tough and provides high tensile strength
• (stronger than steel fibers the same size)
• Glistening white appearance called white fibers

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Fibers

• Elastic
• long, thin fibers
• form branching network
• allows for stretch
• Contains rubber-like protein called elastin
• Appear yellow so sometimes called yellow fibers

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Fibers

• Reticular
• branched collagenous fibers
• form delicate networks
• Abundant where connective tissue abuts other
  tissue types
• Basement membrane of epithelial
• Form nets around capillaries

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CellsImmature and Mature forms

• Actively mitotic immature cells that secrete
  ground substance and fibers in their particular
  matrix

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CellsImmature and Mature forms

• Fibroblasts connective tissue proper
• Chondroblasts cartilage
• Osteoblasts bone
• Hematopoietic stem cells blood

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Cells

• Once matrix is synthesized, the blast cells
  mature into less active cells (indicated by the
  suffix cyte)
• Hematopoietic stem cells are always actively
  mitotic
• Other cell types in connective tissue include
  White blood cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and
  mast cells

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Types of Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Embryonic

• Mesenchyme embryonic connective tissue
• Gel-like ground substance with fibers and
  star-shaped mesenchymal cells
• Gives rise to all other connective tissues
• Found in the embryo

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Connective Tissue Embryonic
Figure 4.8a
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Connective Tissue Proper

• 2 subclasses
• Loose connective tissue
• Areolar, adipose, and reticular
• Dense connective tissue
• Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

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Connective Tissue Proper Loose

• Areolar connective tissue
• Gel-like matrix with all three connective tissue
  fibers
• Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some
  white blood cells
• Wraps and cushions organs
• Widely distributed throughout the body

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Areolar Connective Tissue
Figure 4.8b
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Connective Tissue Proper Loose

• Adipose connective tissue
• Matrix similar to areolar connective tissue with
  closely packed adipocytes (fat cells)
• Reserves food stores, insulates against heat
  loss, and supports and protects

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Connective Tissue Proper Loose

• Adipose connective tissue
• Found under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen,
  and in breasts
• Local fat deposits serve nutrient needs of highly
  active organs

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Connective Tissue Proper Loose

• Adipose connective tissue
• Abundant
• average person 18 of body weight is adipose
• Chubby person body can be 50 adipose tissue

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Adipose
Figure 4.8c
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Connective Tissue Proper Loose

• Reticular connective tissue
• Loose ground substance with reticular fibers
• Reticular cells that lie in a fiber network
• Forms a soft internal skeleton, or stroma, that
  supports other cell types

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Connective Tissue Proper Loose

• Reticular connective tissue
• Found in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and the spleen

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Reticular Connective Tissue
Figure 4.8d
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Connective Tissue Proper Dense Regular

• Parallel collagen fibers with a few elastic
  fibers
• Major cell type is fibroblasts
• Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles, and
  bone to bone
• Found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses

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Dense Regular Connective tissue
Figure 4.8e
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Connective Tissue Proper Dense Irregular

• Irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some
  elastic fibers
• Major cell type is fibroblasts
• Withstands tension in many directions providing
  structural strength

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Connective Tissue Proper Dense Irregular

• Found in the dermis, submucosa of the digestive
  tract, and fibrous organ capsules

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Dense Irregular
Figure 4.8f
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Cartilage

• Stands up to tension and compression
• Tough but flexible
• Lacks nerve fibers
• Avascular
• Cartilage matrix is up to 80 water
• Heals very slowly

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Cartilage

• 3 types
• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage

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Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage

• Most abundant
• Glassy blue white appearance
• Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists
  compression
• Forms the costal cartilage
• Found in embryonic skeleton, the end of long
  bones, nose, trachea, and larynx

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Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage
Figure 4.8g
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Connective Tissue Elastic Cartilage

• Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more
  elastic fibers
• Maintains shape and structure while allowing
  flexibility
• Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis

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Connective Tissue Elastic Cartilage

• Similar to hyaline cartilage but with more
  elastic fibers
• Maintains shape and structure while allowing
  flexibility
• Supports external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis

Figure 4.8h
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Connective Tissue Fibrocartilage Cartilage

• Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less firm
  with thick collagen fibers
• Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression
  shock
• Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic
  symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint

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Fibrocartilage Cartilage

• Matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but less firm
  with thick collagen fibers
• Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression
  shock
• Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic
  symphysis, and in discs of the knee joint

Figure 4.8i
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Connective Tissue Bone (Osseous Tissue)

• Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found
  in bone
• Osteocytes are found in lacunae and are well
  vascularized
• Supports, protects, and provides levers for
  muscular action

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Connective Tissue Bone (Osseous Tissue)

• Stores calcium, minerals, and fat
• Marrow inside bones is the site of hematopoiesis
  (blood formation)

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Bone (Osseous Tissue)
Figure 4.8j
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Connective Tissue Blood

• Red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
• Contained within blood vessels
• Functions in the transport of respiratory gases,
  nutrients, and wastes

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Connective Tissue Blood
Figure 4.8k
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What kind is this?
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Areolar Connective Tissue
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What kind is this?
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Areolar
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What kind is this?
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Reticular Connective tissue
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What kind is this?
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Reticular connective tissue
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What kind is this?
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Reticular connective tissue
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What kind is this?
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Bone or Osseous tissue
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What kind is this?
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Bone (osseous) tissue
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What kind is this?
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Elastic Cartilage
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What kind is this?
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Fibrocartilage
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What kind is this?
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Hyaline Cartilage
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What kind is this?
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Adipose (fat)
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What kind is this?
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Adipose (fat)
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What kind is this?
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Adipose (fat)
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What kind is this?
                                             
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Blood
                                             
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What kind is this?
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Blood
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What kind is this?
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Blood
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What kind is this?
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Dense Regular connective
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What kind is this?
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Dense Regular connective
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What kind is this?
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Dense Irregular connective
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Quiz Next time!

• I will be checking study guides pages 8-16