GENUS:

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• GENUS
• STAPHYLOCOCCUS
• Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh

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STAPHYLOCOCCUS

• Facultative Anaerobic, Gram ve Cocci,
  Non-motile, Non-sporing, Arranged in Grape-like
  Clustures.
• Catalase
• 1. Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS)
• 2. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS)

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Scanning electron micrograph of Staphylococcus
aureus
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• _________________________________
• Species Production of Coagulase
• --------------------------------------------------
  -----
• S. aureus
• S. epidermidis --
• S. saprophyticus --
• _________________________________

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Staphylococcus aureus

• VIRULENCE FACTORS
• 1. Protein A
• gt A Major Protien in the Cell Wall
• 2. Enterotoxins
• gt Immunologic Types A-E.
• 3. a - Toxin
• gt Cytotoxic Effects
• gt Necrosis of Skin and Haemolysis.

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• A
• B
• C
• AB
• BC
• Negative

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• 4. Epidermolytic Toxins
• gt Impetigo and Scalded-Skin Syndrome.
• 5. Toxic-Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1)
• gt Toxic Shock in Tampon Using Menstruating
  Women.
• 6. Enzymes
• i. Coagulase
• ii. Fibrinolysin
• iii. Hyaluronidase
• iv. Lipase

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• CLINICAL INFECTION
• 1. Skin Infections
• gt Impetigo, Furuncles, Cellulitis, Surgical and
  Wound Infections and Postpartum Breast
  Infections.
• 2. Bacteraemia
• gtFrom Localized Lesions
• 3. Endocarditis
• 4. Osteomyelitis
• 5. Pneumonia
• 6. Abscesses (metastatic)
• gt In any Organ

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Sputum smear shows Staphylococcus aureus in a
patient with staphylococcal pneumonia
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• 7. Food Poisoning
• 8. Toxic Shock Syndrome
• gt Fever, Hypotensiongtgt Multisystem
• 
  Involvement.

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• LAB. DIAGNOSIS
• Specimens
• i. Pus From Abscesses, Wounds, Burns, Etc..
• ii. Sputum
• iii. Faeces
• iv. Blood
• v. Mid-Stream Urine
• gt Suspected Cystitis, Pyelonephritis or Post
  Catheterization Infection.
• vi. Anterior Nasal and Perineal Swabs

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• NA, BA, Milk Agar or MSA
• Observe Colonial
• Morphology
• Gram Stain
• Catalase Test
• Slide or Tube Coagulase Test

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• PHAGE TYPING
• gt For Epidemiological Studies.
• TREATMENT
• i. Production of b-Lactamasegt Resistance to
  Penicillins.
• ii. Penicillins Stable to Staphylococcal
  Penicillinase
• gt Methicillin, Cloxacillin and Flucloxacillin.
• iii. Other Antibiotics
• iv. MRSA gtgtgt Vancomycin.

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• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• 1. Sources of Infection
• i. Infected Lesions
• gt Doctors and Nurses.
• gt Foodhandlers.
• ii. Healthy Carriers
• iii. Animals
• gt Domesticated and Some Wild Animals
• 2. Modes of Infection
• Exogenous
• Endogenous
• Cross Infections
• gt Important in Hospitals gtgt by Direct Contact.