America as a World Power

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America as a World Power
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Imperialism and Expansion

• Imperialism building an empire by founding
  colonies and conquering nations.
• 1870-1914 European countries take control of
  Africa and most of Asia.
• Reasons for Imperialism
• 1. desire for resources
• 2. needed new trade markets
• 3. expansion of military power
• 4. source of national pride (Nationalism)

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Africa
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United States

• Isolationism avoiding involvement with foreign
  countries
• U.S did not begin expanding until the late
  1800s.
• 1867 U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for 7.2
  million
• Sewards Folly William H. Seward Secretary
  of State
• 1893 Hawaii sugar planters lead a revolt
  against Queen Liliuokalani U.S. annexes Hawaii
  in 1898.

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Spanish-American War

• 1895 Cuba revolts against Spanish rule
• 200,000 Cubans die in the revolt and in Spanish
  concentration camps.
• Joseph Pulitzer/William Randolph Hearst
  newspaper publishers in New York
• Yellow Journalism exaggerating and twisting the
  news
• 1896 William McKinley elected President
  supported Cuban independence

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Cuba
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William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
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William McKinley
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Remember the Maine

• January 25, 1898 U.S. battleship Maine arrives
  in Havana, Cuba to protect U.S. interests
• February 15 Maine explodes 260 American
  sailors are killed Most Americans blame Spain
• April 20 Teller Amendment tells Spain to
  leave Cuba U.S. has no interest in taking over
• April 24 Spain declares war on U.S.
• August 12 Spain surrenders

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Yellow Journalism
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War with Spain

• America wins fairly easily, despite being poorly
  prepared when war begins.
• Most Americans die of tropical diseases, not
  battle wounds
• Theodore Roosevelt Rough Riders
• U.S. 10th Cavalry all-black unit
• U.S gains the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
  from Spain.
• Platt Amendment Cuba becomes independent, but
  U.S. has final say-so on all Cuban affairs.

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Teddy Roosevelt
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Panama Canal

• Journey around South America could take up to six
  weeks.
• U.S. leaders wanted to cut that time by digging a
  canal across Central America
• Several attempts had already been made.
• 1901 Teddy Roosevelt becomes President after
  McKinleys assassination.
• 1903 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty U.S. gets a
  10-mile wide zone across Panama for 99 years -
  10 million plus 250,000 a year
• Canal opens in 1914 cost 375 million to build
  6,000 men died building it - disease

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Panama
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Building the Canal
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Latin America

• Monroe Doctrine 1823 Europeans had to stay
  out of the Americas
• Many European nations had loaned money to Central
  and South America. These countries often
  refused to repay their debts.
• Roosevelt Corollary The United States would
  force these countries to repay their debts kept
  Europeans out. Speak softly and carry a big
  stick
• United States marines occupy many Central and
  South American nations multiple times to force
  debt repayment and protect American businesses
  and citizens

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Roosevelt Corollary
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Roosevelt as President

• Progressives reformers who wanted to solve
  problems in the U.S. caused by rapid growth and
  change
• Square Deal forced companies to negotiate with
  workers for better conditions (arbitration)
• Trust-busting breaking up big companies
  helped the public avoid higher costs
• Conservation greatly expanded the National Park
  system doubled the number of parks and national
  monuments
• Muckrakers journalists who exposed corruption
  and waste in government and business
• Progressive Problems
• 1. Urban issues crime, poverty,
  disease/sanitation, overcrowding
• 2. Political/financial reform and corruption
• 3. Workplace reform child labor, worker
  safety, better pay and conditions
• 4. Women and Minority Rights

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Theodore Roosevelt
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Dollar Diplomacy

• William Howard Taft elected President in 1909
• Believed in letting American businesses influence
  Latin America first.
• America invested or loaned millions to Latin
  American countries
• Military was last resort if they did not repay.

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William Howard Taft
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American Intervention
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Mexican Revolution

• Porfirio Diaz Mexican dictator, worked closely
  with American business and government
• 1910 Revolution begins Francisco Madero
• Breaks down into a multi-sided civil war
• Victoriano Huerta takes power in 1913
• 1914 US marines capture port of Veracruz to
  keep European arms from being delivered
• Pancho Villa March 1916 raids across the
  border into New Mexico, killing 17 US Citizens
• John J. Pershing leads US soldiers into Mexico
  after Villa, never catching him
• 1920 Mexican civil war ends

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Porfirio Diaz
Victoriano Heurta
Pancho Villa
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John J. Pershing