What African political and social institutions predate the arrival of Islam? P.172 -192 chapter 8 Review on Monday

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What African political and social institutions
predate the arrival of Islam?P.172 -192 chapter
8 Review on Monday

• There were linguistic, mutually intelligible ties
  via Bantu.

• Diverse economiessedentary agriculture, nomadic
  pastoralism, trading, ironworking. . .

• Animistic religion, usually carried out by
  diviners.

• Tradition of oral history, maintained by Griots

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Animistic religion,
Sierra Leone
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What African political and social institutions
predate the arrival of Islam?P.172 -192 chapter
8 Review on Monday There were a variety of
forms, including centralized, hierarchical,
decentralized, and stateless societies. These
various political forms often existed
side-by-side.
There were linguistic, mutually intelligible ties
via Bantu Animistic religion, usually carried
out by diviners Tradition of oral history,
maintained by Griots
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Sierra Leone
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How did the arrival of Islam affect African
societies?

• brought the notion of equality under Allah

• provided a legal system (sharia)

• strengthened local rulers

• connected Africa to a larger

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What were the Sudanic States and how were they
organized?
Over time, these included Ghana, Mali, Songhay,
Hausa. P.178
Organization

• Generally led by a patriarch or council of
  elders from a family or lineage, who were
  considered sacred and separate from their
  subjects.

• Based on an ethnic core and supplemented by
  conquered peoples of neighboring regions.

• Leaders used Islam to consolidate and solidify
  power.

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What are the geographic boundaries of the West
Sudanic empires?
Sahara, Niger R., Senegal R.
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Jenne Mosque in Mali
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What city and river are shared by many of these
civilizations?
Timbuktu, Niger
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Why do you think the Sahel states did not push
southward toward the ocean?
Rainforests. They had good river systems around
them. Trade was coming from the north.
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How did Islam and the beliefs of indigenous
societies fuse among African peoples?

• Africans wouldnt give up traditional beliefs
  altogether (many never converted), but conquerors
  were not pushing full conversion and were
  therefore tolerant of leaders who partially
  assimilated. Thus, and as an example, African
  gender roles, including matrilineal traditions
  and open interaction between males/females in
  public, persisted.

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What was the connection between East Africa and
Islam?

• Trade led to Islamization, but Islam heightened
  trade due to enhanced trust amongst merchants of
  an expansive Muslim world. Swahili language is a
  good example of this symbiotic relationship.

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Describe the intellectual accomplishments of the
African and Bantu civilizations.

• Timbuktu mosque, library, university.
• Sub-Sahara metallurgical art, especially masks

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What elements of geography and climate would
confine the Swahili civilization to the coasts of
the Indian Ocean?
East Africa
Highlands, lack of navigable rivers, best trade
is on the monsoon routes
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Lalibela Church in Ethiopia
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With what other Indian Ocean cultures did the
Swahili trade?
East Africa
India Arabia Persia SE Asia