Agricultural pollution in Ukraine (Azov-Black Sea Region )

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Agricultural pollution in Ukraine (Azov-Black
Sea Region )
The World Bank
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Land Stock
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Agricultural Lands in Ukraine, (1)
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Agricultural Lands in Ukraine, (2)
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Main sources of agricultural pollution

• Tillage of slopes
• Obsolete technology of application of chemicals
  and organic fertilizers
• Manure management.

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Soil loss and associated water pollution (1)

• annual humus loss amounts from 0.6 to 1 t/ha
• 80 ml. tones of soil with the content of 120 th.
  tons of nitrogen and 80 th. tons of phosphorous
  is being washed out annually. On the slopes 20
  of nitrogen, 2-5 of phosphorous and 10-70
  potassium are dashed out of fertilizers.

• Data of Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences

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Degradation of soil
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Pesticides

• 13,5 th. tons of pesticides were applied on 12,9
  mln. ha in 2000
• Application was 8 times less in terms of volume
  and 2.2 times less in terms of the area where
  fertillizers were applied in comparison with 1990
  level.
• Share of pesticides per 1 ha of agricultural
  lands equaled 0,4 kg (2000) what is 2.8 less
  than was applied in the 1990

according to Ministry of Agrarian Policy
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Application of mineral fertilizers (1)
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Application of mineral fertilizers (2)
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Application of organic fertilizers
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Application of mineral fertilizers in Azov-Black
Sea Region (th. tons)
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Application of organic fertilizers in Azov-Black
Sea Region (thousand tons)
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Recommendations in nutrient management

• Ban on tillage of river banks, slopes
• Afforestation and meadow creation in order to
  prevent water and wind erosion
• Meeting necessary requirements in application of
  fertilizers in terms of volumes, technology and
  timing of application

• Sowing and crop rotation practices to reduce
  water erosion and NPK migration upon soil

• Sound management of discharge waters from cattle
  breeding farms
• Careful manure management in the neighborhood of
  water bodies
• Awareness raising among farmers regarding
  environmental issues and environmentally sound
  agricultural technologies

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Azov Black Sea Corridor Biodiversity Conservation
Project Agricultural Component (1)

• Improvements in crop and soil management through

• conservation tillage and contour tillage
  practices

• Improvement of manure management

• maximizing duration of soil coverage by crops,
  through increased use of winter crops, leaving
  stubble fields unplowed until spring and
  establishing perennial pastures and hay meadows

• Implementation of nutrient management plans

• promoting natural species diversification and
  higher levels of agricultural biodiversity and

• selection of pasture species to improve soil
  coverage and drought resistance.

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Azov Black Sea Corridor Biodiversity Conservation
Project Agricultural Component (2)

• Improvement in landscape and habitat management
  by

• reducing tillage on slopes in excess of 5 degrees

• restoring biodiversity in degraded and
  unproductive agricultural areas through natural
  recovery (e.g., by reducing or eliminating
  grazing pressure on unplowed steppe)

• improving the management of tree shelter belts to
  reduce wind erosion and maintain landscape and
  species diversity

• creating no-till buffer strips along watercourses
  to reduce water erosion and water pollution

• creating artificial wetlands/reedbeds for
  wildlife and where eutrophying solutes can
  degrade before discharge to stream courses and
  the Black Sea.