Post World War Civil Rights everything you need to know according to your EOCT Guide

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Post World War Civil Rightseverything you need
to know according to your EOCT Guide
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Background

• After Civil War the North tried to force the
  South to give voting and employment rights to
  Blacks during Reconstruction
• 1865 Civil War Ends
• 1866 North occupies the South in military zones
  
• prevents Plantation owners from voting
• blacks allowed to vote in state elections

1868 - President Andrew Johnson impeached for not
being Radical Republican enough not removed
from office 1875 Civil Rights Act passed by
Northern Radicals controlling Congress -Guarante
es everyone regardless of race, creed, religion,
equal access to public facilities (restaurants,
groceries, jobs) 1876 - Compromise of 2877 Allow
republican to be President if northern troops
are removed from the South 1877 North military
withdraws from South 1883 Supreme Court
declares Civil Rights Act unconstitutional
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Jim Crow Laws 1880s-1940s

• Before the Civil War they were called Slave
  Codes after, Black Codes
• With the North gone, White democrats in the South
  could now vote in state elections and do as they
  please to Blacks
• They overwhelmingly vote for imposing laws on
  blacks
• Vagrancy laws get caught standing around go to
  work camps basically legalized slavery
• Curfews
• Poll taxes
• Literacy tests at polls
• KKK intimidation at polls
• Segregation laws
• white only primary elections

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1896 - Plessey VS Ferguson

• Court case ruled that segregation is legal
  separate but equal
• Said blacks can be separate from whites if they
  have equal accommodations thus separate but
  equal
• The Story
• Homer Plessey who was 1/8 black and 7/8 white
  wanted to sit in the White train car in Louisiana
• He was arrested and went to trial
• LA State Court upheld the segregation law
• He appealed at Supreme Court who agreed 7 to 1
  with the lower courts
• The Supreme court said accommodations and
  conditions were the same in both Black rail cars
  and White, thus he couldnt say his rights were
  violated

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Civil Rights Movement Early 1900s

• 1909 National Association for the Advancement
  of Colored People (NAACP) established to protest
  lynchings
• Used the court system
• Persuaded Supreme Court to rule against lynchings
• The Crisis prints pictures of lynchings
• Also challenged, mostly unsuccessfully,
  segregation in schools
• (this is where separate but equal was obviously
  wrong whites ALWAYS had better school supplies,
  buildings, equipment, books, etc)
• But southern racists whites continued to argue it
  was equal

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Jackie Robinson - 1947

• 1947Jackie Robinson was the first African
  American to play for a major league baseball team
  in the United States
• Brooklyn Dodgers
• led to complete integration of baseball and other
  professional sports
• National League MVP in 1949
• 1st Af Am in Baseball Hall of Fame
• Before, Af Ams played with the Negro League

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1948 Truman Integrates the Military

• Many communist countries during the Cold War used
  our racism (esp KKK and lynchings) as propganda
  to convince people that democracy didnt really
  mean freedom for all
• And they were right
• So Truman integrated the military
• By 1954 there were no more separate units
• This causes many white Democrats to leave the
  Democratic party and become Dixiecrats
• (Remember Blacks had switched from Republican to
  Dem during the 1932 election of FDR)

This is Freedom?
Shame on America
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Warren Court

• Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren makes
  many landmark decisions thru 50s-and 60s
• 1954 NAACP Wins Brown VS Board
• of Education of Topeka
• Overturns Plessey VS Ferguson
• Says separate is NOT equal
• Public schools (college too) must integrate
• Thurgood Marshall argued this case and
• became the first Af. Am appointed to
• the Supreme Court (later)
• 1963 Miranda V Arizona
• Police must inform suspects of
• Fifth Amendment right and
• attorney rights

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White Resistance 1957-58
Black students try to attend school in Little
Rock, AZ
Gov. Wallace blocking Att. Gen. Katzenbach

• High School
• Little Rock Central
• High School refused to
• integrate
• Gov called in National Guard to block 9 Black
  students from entering
• Eisenhower(now president after Truman) called in
  the 101st Airborne to force them to be allowed in
• Colleges
• 1961 - Mississippi Univ. blocks James Meredith
  from enrolling JFK sends authorities to force
  the issue
• 1963 - Gov. of Alabama George Wallace (himself)
  physically blocks entrance to University federal
  authorities step in again

101st Airborne escorting Little Rock Nine
James Meredith, first Black to attend Univ. of
Miss.
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1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott
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I was tired.

• Started with Rosa Parks refusing to give up bus
  seat for white person leading to her arrest

• NAACP sees opportunity to make political move
• Elect young inexperienced Baptist minister Dr.
  Martin Luther King to lead a boycott of city
  busses
• Blacks met at churches to organize (couldnt
  legally meet anywhere else)
• 50,000 blacks stop paying bus tickets and carpool
  or walk to work
• The buses, due to financial losses, are forced to
  integrate

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SCLC and SNCC Est.

• During boycotts, Southern Christian Leadership
  Conference (SCLC) created
• MLK first president of org
• Goals of organization was to register blacks to
  vote and get blacks elected into office
• Get blacks educated
• Soon they joined the Albany Movement in Georgia
• Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
  Created
• Led the Albany movement based
• in Albany, GA
• Organized freedom rides attacked
• viciously by whites
• Students protest discrimination civil
  disobedience go to white restaurants
• theaters, etc.

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Martin Luther King

• SCLC decides to campaign in cities where there
  are large Black populations in the South and
  where Whites are the most violent
• Uses civil disobedience, idea from Gandhi
• Disobey laws but with NONVIOLENCE
• That way when whites attack, they look like the
  bad guys
• It Worked because they media broadcast these
  horrible attacks of angry whites on peaceful
  Black marchers making whites look mean

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SNCC and SCLC Dont AgreeI really dont know
why this is so important for you to know, but if
the State goes to the trouble of laying it out in
graph form, it must be important
SCLC SNCC
Founding
Goal
Original Tactics
Later Tactics
Original Members
Later Members
Original Philosophy
Later Philosophy
MLK older Christian ministers
College students
End all types of suffering of being Black in
America
Get whites to follow Brown Vs. Board of Ed
decision
Boycotts, marches, protests meet at churches
Sit-ins voter registrations
Voter registrations
Freedom Rides
White and Af Am STUDENTS
Af Am and White ADULTS
Whites left (b/c it became More violent later)
Same as original
Non-violent civil disobedience
Same as SCLC
SAME
Violent protests Black Power
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March on Washington

• MLK organized a March on Washington, finally,
  (remember Philip A Randoph? Brotherhood of
  Sleeping Car Porters?)
• 200,000 Blacks and whites protests and met
• MLK makes his I Have a Dream Speech in front of
  Lincoln Memorial
• Same place as Marion Anderson sang with support
  from Eleanor Roosevelt

http//thesoundsofhistory.com/martinlutherking.htm
l
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JFK Shot Civil Rights Acts Passed

• 1963, JFK proposed a civil rights act but was
  assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald
• Lyndon B. Johnson VP becomes president
• 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits segregation
  in public theaters, hotels, restaurants and
  education and employment
• 500 Black protest marchers in Selma Alabama
  attacked by dogs, clubs, whips, tear gas media
  broadcasts it (well watch this video)
• 1965 Voting Rights Act literacy tests
  suspended and federal officials will register
  voters if county offices refuse to do so

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What civil rights organization was created during
  the Montgomery Bus Boycotts and asked MLK to be
  its president?
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What civil rights organization was created out of
  the sit-in movement?
• Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What was the first all comprehensive
  anti-discrimination law ever passed by Congress?
• Civil Rights Act of 1874

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Civil Rights Review Game

• It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme
  Court, and then they ruled 20 years later, in
  _____________ VS __________ that separate IS
  equal.
• Plessey VS Ferguson

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What case overturned Plessey Vs. Ferguson?
• Brown V Board of Education, Topeka

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Civil Rights Review Game

• When students and adults broke laws of
  segregation in various cities, what philosophy
  did they use to provoke White anger?
• Non-violence OR civil disobedience

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What was the second comprehensive Civil Rights
  law that ended ?
• Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What civil rights organization was created out of
  the sit-in movement?
• Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What civil rights organization was created out of
  the sit-in movement?
• Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

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Civil Rights Review Game

• What civil rights organization was created out of
  the sit-in movement?
• Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee