Chapter 21: Civil Rights Section 3: Challenges and Changes in the Movement

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Chapter 21Civil RightsSection 3Challenges
and Changes in the Movement
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• California Academic Standards 11.10.4 11.10.5
  11.11. 5
• 11.10 Students analyze the development of federal
  civil rights and voting rights.
• .4 Examine the roles of civil rights advocates
  (e.g., A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King,
  Jr., Malcom X, Thurgood Marshall, James Farmer,
  Rosa Parks), including the significance of Martin
  Luther King, Jr. 's "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
  and "I Have a Dream" speech.
• .5 Discuss the diffusion of the civil rights
  movement of African Americans from the churches
  of the rural South and the urban North, including
  the resistance to racial desegregation in Little
  Rock and Birmingham, and how the advances
  influenced the agendas, strategies, and
  effectiveness of the quests of American Indians,
  Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans for civil
  rights and equal opportunities.
• 11.11 Students analyze the major social problems
  and domestic policy issues in contemporary
  American society.
• .5 Trace the impact of, need for, and
  controversies associated with environmental
  conservation, expansion of the national park
  system, and the development of environmental
  protection laws, with particular attention to the
  interaction between environmental protection
  advocates and property rights advocates.

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• Objectives
• Following lecture and reading of this section,
  students will be able to
• Compare segregation in the North with segregation
  in the South
• Name leaders who shaped the Black Power movement
• Describe reaction to the assassination of Martin
  Luther King Jr.
• Summarize the accomplishments of the civil rights
  movement

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• What was segregation like in the North vs. the
  South?
• In the mid-1960s, differences over tactics create
  divisions in the civil rights movement
• While still sharing the goals of racial equality
  and greater opportunity, civil rights groups
  began to drift apart as new leaders emerged and
  turned attention atrocities in the North

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• The problem in the North was de facto segregation
  (Segregation that exists by practice and custom,
  harder to fight than de jure segregation
  segregation by law)
• De facto segregation is harder to fight because
  eliminating it requires the transformation of
  racist attitudes rather than the repeal of Jim
  Crow Laws.
• Activists would find it much more difficult to
  convince whites to share

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• economic and social power with African Americans
  than to convince them to share lunch counters and
  bus seats
• In the North, de facto segregation traps many
  African Americans in decaying slums, as white
  flight sees many whites move to suburbs because
  of the influx of African Americans moving into
  the city

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• Landlords refused to comply with housing and
  safety ordinances, schools and neighborhoods
  deteriorated, unemployment rose among African
  Americans, police brutality grew tired
• Urban riots reveal that many African Americans
  suffer economic and political inequality
• Harlem riot sparked after 15 year old African
  American killed in clash with police

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• The Watts riots broke out in Los Angeles in 1965,
  30 million in damages, 34 deaths
• Over 100 cities erupted in riots and whites could
  not understand why blacks would turn to violence
  after winning so many civil rights victories
• Some white leaders realized African Americans
  wanted and needed economic equality of
  opportunity in jobs, housing, and education

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• In 1964 before the riots began LBJ announced his
  plans of a war on poverty and the Great Society
  MLK Jr. claimed that the Great Society had been
  shot down on the battlefields of Vietnam
• Who were the leaders that shaped the Black Power
  movement?
• Malcolm X appeals to a growing sense of African
  American pride, and those African Americans who
  believe they should take complete control of

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• their communities, livelihoods, and cultures
• Malcolm X (Little) was jailed at age 20 for
  burglary, and while in prison studied the
  teachings of Elijah Muhamed, the head of the
  Nation of Islam, or the Black Muslims
• Malcolm dropped Little believing it was his slave
  name, became a minister in 1952 of the Islamic
  religion, and became a famous disciple

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• He preached whites were cause of the condition
  blacks found themselves in and they should
  separate from white society
• He got a lot of publicity for his views (1) call
  for armed self-defense (2) resentment of other
  members of Nation of Islam
• Malcolm X departed from his practice with
  Muhammad over differences in strategy and doctrine

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• He went to Mecca, a trip required of orthodox
  Muslims, there he radically change his view after
  hearing of the equality of the races.
• His later efforts to temper African-American
  separatism alienated many Black Muslims, three of
  whom assassinate him on February 21, 1965
• Group work I am going to assign six groups with
  six people in each group

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• 1 person will be the recorder
• 3 people will be researchers and consultants
• 1 will be an artistic consultant and
• 1 will be the illustrator
• You will be turning in your researched
  information with all group members names on it,
  and an illustration.
• Two people from your group will present, the
  recorder will present the information from your
  sub-section,

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• and the consultant will present the illustration
• You will have about 12-15 minutes to have
  everything completed and ready to present
• Presenters will come up to the front of the room.
• Presentations should take about 1-2 minutes each
• Any Questions?
• GO