Title: Industrial Revolution
1Origins of The Industrial Revolution
By Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
2(No Transcript)
3Before the Industrial Revolution, entire families
worked at home to manufacture things such as
cloth.
4Causes of the Industrial Revolution
5Agricultural Revolution
- new innovations in the production of food crop
rotation - fed city-dwellers
- the enclosure movement forced poor farmers off
their land
6Population Growth
- Englands population swelled
- more people specialization of labor (you can do
other things besides farming!) - more reliable food supplies and resistance to
disease - higher percentage of children led to child labor
7Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?
8Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited
to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
- Natural resources? coal iron ore rivers
- Raw materials ? Colonies
- Powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated
trade (Good Harbors) - Enclosure movement led to large labor supply
- Investment in new inventions
- Stable government
- Banking system
9 WHY BRITAIN?
- Factors of production
- Land
- Labor
- Capital (wealth)
10Industrial England "Workshop of the World"
That Nation of Shopkeepers!
-- Napoleon Bonaparte
11The Enclosure Movement
12Enclosed Fields
13Enclosed Lands Today
14British Raw Materials
15Early Canals
Britains Earliest Transportation Infrastructure
16Coalfields Industrial Areas
17Coal Mining in Britain1800-1914
1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
1880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners
1914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners
18Young Coal Miners
19Child Labor in the Mines
Child hurriers
20New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
21 In 1769, Richard Arkwrights water powered
spinning frame resulted in the first factory for
producing cloth.
22Richard ArkwrightPioneer of the Factory System
The Water Frame
23IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
- Textiles wool, linen, cotton turned into
clothing - Major Inventions
- John Kay flying shuttle
- James Hargreaves spinning jenny
- Richard Arkwright water frame
- Samuel Crompton spinning mule
- Ed Cartwright power loom
- Machines set up in factories large buildings
24Factory Production
- Concentrates production in oneplace materials,
labor. - Located near sources of power rather than labor
or markets. - Requires a lot of capital investmentfactory,
machines, etc. morethan skilled labor. - Only 10 of English industry in 1850.
25The Factory System
- Rigid schedule.
- 12-14 hour day.
- Dangerous conditions.
- Mind-numbing monotony.
26More Innovations
- Canals and steam engines on boats
- New roads
- Railroads the most important transportation
innovation of the Industrial Age
27Steam Engine 1765 James Watt Used to propel boats
and locomotives
28Textile FactoryWorkers in England
29Textile FactoryWorkers in England
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850 224, 000 looms gt1 million workers
30Jacquards Loom
31Spinning mule-1835
32John Kays Flying Shuttle
33The Power Loom
34James Watts Steam Engine
35Steam Tractor
36Steam Ship
37An Early Steam Locomotive
38Later Locomotives
39The Impact of the Railroad
40The Great Land Serpent
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42British Cotton Trade About 1850
In the 1600s, cotton cloth imported from India
had become popular. British merchants tried to
organize a cotton cloth industry at home. To do
so, they developed the putting out system.
4318c British Port
44British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812
45The Growth of EnglandsForeign Trade in the 18c
4618c English Nouveau RicheThe Capitalist
Entrepreneur