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Industrial Revolution

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By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY James Watt s Steam Engine Steam Tractor Steam Ship An Early Steam Locomotive Later Locomotives The Impact of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Industrial Revolution


1
Origins of The Industrial Revolution
By Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
2
(No Transcript)
3
Before the Industrial Revolution, entire families
worked at home to manufacture things such as
cloth.
4
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
5
Agricultural Revolution
  • new innovations in the production of food crop
    rotation
  • fed city-dwellers
  • the enclosure movement forced poor farmers off
    their land

6
Population Growth
  • Englands population swelled
  • more people specialization of labor (you can do
    other things besides farming!)
  • more reliable food supplies and resistance to
    disease
  • higher percentage of children led to child labor

7
Why Did Industrialization Begin in England First?
8
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited
to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution?
  1. Natural resources? coal iron ore rivers
  2. Raw materials ? Colonies
  3. Powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated
    trade (Good Harbors)
  4. Enclosure movement led to large labor supply
  5. Investment in new inventions
  6. Stable government
  7. Banking system

9
WHY BRITAIN?
  • Factors of production
  • Land
  • Labor
  • Capital (wealth)

10
Industrial England "Workshop of the World"
That Nation of Shopkeepers!
-- Napoleon Bonaparte
11
The Enclosure Movement
12
Enclosed Fields
13
Enclosed Lands Today
14
British Raw Materials
15
Early Canals
Britains Earliest Transportation Infrastructure
16
Coalfields Industrial Areas
17
Coal Mining in Britain1800-1914
1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
1880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners
1914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners
18
Young Coal Miners
19
Child Labor in the Mines
Child hurriers
20
New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
21
In 1769, Richard Arkwrights water powered
spinning frame resulted in the first factory for
producing cloth.
22
Richard ArkwrightPioneer of the Factory System
The Water Frame
23
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
  • Textiles wool, linen, cotton turned into
    clothing
  • Major Inventions
  • John Kay flying shuttle
  • James Hargreaves spinning jenny
  • Richard Arkwright water frame
  • Samuel Crompton spinning mule
  • Ed Cartwright power loom
  • Machines set up in factories large buildings

24
Factory Production
  • Concentrates production in oneplace materials,
    labor.
  • Located near sources of power rather than labor
    or markets.
  • Requires a lot of capital investmentfactory,
    machines, etc. morethan skilled labor.
  • Only 10 of English industry in 1850.

25
The Factory System
  • Rigid schedule.
  • 12-14 hour day.
  • Dangerous conditions.
  • Mind-numbing monotony.

26
More Innovations
  • Canals and steam engines on boats
  • New roads
  • Railroads the most important transportation
    innovation of the Industrial Age

27
Steam Engine 1765 James Watt Used to propel boats
and locomotives
28
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
29
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850 224, 000 looms gt1 million workers
30
Jacquards Loom
31
Spinning mule-1835
32
John Kays Flying Shuttle
33
The Power Loom
34
James Watts Steam Engine
35
Steam Tractor
36
Steam Ship
37
An Early Steam Locomotive
38
Later Locomotives
39
The Impact of the Railroad
40
The Great Land Serpent
41
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42
British Cotton Trade About 1850
In the 1600s, cotton cloth imported from India
had become popular. British merchants tried to
organize a cotton cloth industry at home. To do
so, they developed the putting out system.
43
18c British Port
44
British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812
45
The Growth of EnglandsForeign Trade in the 18c
46
18c English Nouveau RicheThe Capitalist
Entrepreneur
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