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Theories of Personality

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Title: Theories of Personality


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Theories of Personality
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What is Personality
  • Big Picture
  • Personality
  • The unique and relatively stable ways in which
    people think, feel, and behave
  • Character
  • Value judgments of a persons moral and ethical
    behavior
  • Temperament/Trait
  • A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling
    or behaving (irritability, openness, etc.)
  • Character and traits are components of
    personality

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What is Personality?
  • Perspectives
  • Psychodynamic
  • Focus The unconscious mind
  • Social-Cognitive Perspective
  • Focus How behavior and the environment interact
  • Humanistic
  • Focuses on the role of each persons life
    decisions and what makes people uniquely human,
    such as emotions
  • Trait
  • Focuses on the characteristics of personality
    themselves, rather than how personality develops

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Theories of Personality
  • Psychoanalytic
  • Freud
  • Read Background, id, ego, superego

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Theories of Personality
  • Social-Cognitive
  • Rotters Expectancy Theory
  • Personality develops from behaving then forming
    an expectancy about future behaviors
  • Locus of Control
  • Degree to which a person believes that good and
    bad outcomes are contingent (depends) on his/her
    actions
  • Internal Control Refers to the perception of
    positive and negative events as being a
    consequence of ones own actions and thereby
    under personal control
  • Positive outcomes are attributed to ones skill
  • External Control Refers to positive and negative
    events as being unrelated to ones own behaviors
    in certain situations and therefore beyond
    personal control
  • Positive outcomes are attributed to luck,
    chance, or other forces or people

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Theories of Personality
  • Humanism
  • Carl Rogers Self-Actualization
  • Human always strive to fulfill their potential
    (become the best they can)
  • Self-Concept
  • Peoples own beliefs and thoughts about who they
    are
  • In the process of self-actualization, people
    construct a self-concept
  • Real-Self
  • Ones perception of actual characteristics,
    traits, and abilities
  • Ideal-Self
  • Perception of who one should be or would like to
    be

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Theories of Personality
  • Trait Theory
  • Carl Jungs Typology
  • Carl Jung created a system of classifying
    peoples temperaments based on a combination of
    six qualities
  • Introvert/Extrovert
  • 1. Sensation Sum of external facts provided by
    the senses
  • 2. Thinking Refines and makes sense of the raw
    sensations
  • 3. Feeling Gives value to things
  • 4. Intuition Mystical process by which we
    negotiate the unknown

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Assessment of Personality
  • Jungs Typology

Extroverts Introverts
Rational Thinking Thinking
Rational Feeling Feeling
Irrational Sensation Sensation
Irrational Intuition Intuition
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Assessment of Personality
  • Trait Theory
  • Myers-Biggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
  • Assesses a persons temperament based on four
    personality dimensions
  • People are assigned a four letter personality
    type (SFEJ, etc.)
  • 16 temperament types
  • 1. Sensing/Intuition (S/N)
  • Sensing Prefer to rely on what they see, hear,
    touch, etc.
  • Intuition Prefer to rely on hunches intuitive
    knowledge
  • 2. Thinking/Feeling (T/F)
  • Thinking Prefer to use logic, analysis, and
    experiences that can be validated
  • Feeling Make decisions based on personal values
    and emotional reactions
  • 3. Introversion/Extroversion (I/E)
  • Introvert Regularly require alone time to
    recharge
  • Extrovert Outgoing

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Assessment of Personality
  • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
  • 4. Judging/Perceiving (J/P)
  • Judging Action-oriented, decisive,
    get-the-task-done
  • Perceiving Curious, put off making a final
    decision to consider all possibilities

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Assessment of Personality
  • Methods
  • Projective Tests
  • Psychoanalysts
  • Ambiguous stimuli is presented, an individual
    responds with whatever comes to mind
  • Purpose to uncover unconscious conflicts,
    desires and urges that shape personality
  • Problems reliability and validity
    interpretation of responses is highly subjective
  • Personality Inventories
  • Trait theorists
  • People provide simple responses (yes, no,
    etc.) to a series of unambiguous questions
  • Purpose To construct a personality based on the
    combination of traits
  • Problems Social desirability effect

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Assessment of Personality
  • Assess Your Personality
  • Assignment
  • http//www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp
  • Take the test, and follow the links to analyze
    your results.
  • Reaction Paper
  • 1-1.5 pages (2 pages max)
  • Double-spaced
  • 1. State your 4-letter combo
  • 2. Provide a brief summary of your personality
    type
  • 3. What do you think? Write a reaction to the
    test.
  • Do you think it is correct?
  • If so, why? If not, why not?
  • What did it not include/get wrong?
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