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Introduction to Dental Materials

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Introduction to Dental Materials What is Dental Material? Human body is prone to damage due to either disease or accidents. Likewise the structures in the oral cavity ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Dental Materials


1
Introduction to Dental Materials
2
What is Dental Material?
  • Human body is prone to damage due to either
    disease or accidents.
  • Likewise the structures in the oral cavity are
    lost or damaged due to disease such as caries and
    periodontal disease and trauma.
  • The main goal in dentistry is to maintain or
    improve the quality of life through replacement
    or alteration of tooth structure.

3
  • Therefore the main challenge for centuries has
    been to develop and select ideal dental materials
    that can withstand the adverse conditions of the
    oral environment.

4
Ideal Restorative Material
  • An ideal restorative material should
  • Be biocompatible
  • Should bond permanently to tooth structure or
    bone
  • Should match the natural appearance of tooth
    structure and other visible tissues
  • Exhibit properties similar to those of tooth
    tissues (enamel and dentine)
  • Be capable of initiating tissue repair or
    regeneration of missing or damaged tissues

5
Contd
  • Four groups of materials
  • Metals
  • Ceramics
  • Polymers
  • Composites

6
Classification
  • Preventive dental materials
  • Restorative dental materials
  • Auxiliary dental materials

7
Preventive Dental Materials
  • Pit and Fissure Sealants
  • Sealing agents that prevent leakage
  • Materials used primarily for their antibacterial
    effects.
  • Liners, bases, cements and restorative materials
    that are used primarily because they release
    fluoride.
  • Chlorhexidine or other therapeutic agents used
    to prevent or inhibit the progression of tooth
    decay.

8
Restorative Dental Materials
  • Synthetic components that can be used to repair
    or replace tooth structure, including primers,
    bonding agents, liners, cement bases, amalgams,
    resin-based composites, compomers, hybrid
    ionomers, cast metals, metal-ceramics, ceramics,
    and denture polymers.

9
Restorative Dental Materials
  • Direct restorative materials
  • Used intraorally to fabricate restoration or
    prosthetic devices directly on the teeth
  • Indirect restorative materials
  • Made extraorally in which the materials are
    formed indirectly on the teeth or tissues
  • Temporary restorative materials

10
Auxiliary Dental Materials
  • Substances used in the process of fabricating
    dental prostheses and appliances but do not
    become part of these devices.
  • Acid etch solutions, impression materials,
    casting investments, gypsum cast, and model
    materials, dental waxes, acrylic resins for
    impression, bleaching trays, mouthguards, and
    occlusion aids, finishing and polishing abrasives.

11
Types of restorations
  • Silver Amalgam

12
Resin Composite
13
Inlays and Onlays (Gold)
14
Crowns (Ceramic, Gold, Ceramic fused to metal)
15
Bridges
16
Full Denture Partial Denture
17
The End!
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