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Conservation and Environmental Design and Construction

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Title: Conservation and Environmental Design and Construction


1
Chapter 10
  • Conservation and Environmental Design and
    Construction

2
Links for Chapter 10
Energy-Efficiency Design
Solar Energy Design
Passive Solar Systems
Active Solar Systems
Related Web Sites
3
Energy-Efficient Design
  • Environmentally friendly relates to materials
    that are recycled, from managed farms or earthen
    materials
  • Be sure to use non-toxic and low-toxic materials
    for safer buildings
  • Energy efficient individuals have been
    experimenting with energy-efficient construction
    for decades their goal is to reduce heating and
    cooling cost

4
Energy-Efficient Design
  • Goals of environmental programs
  • Conserve natural resources
  • Preserve the earths ozone layer
  • Create a healthier living environment
  • Make housing more economical
  • Find better building materials and construction
    methods

5
Energy Codes
  • The purpose of code is to regulate the design and
    construction of exterior and interior materials
    and equipment
  • Exterior envelope is made up of elements of a
    building that enclose conditioned spaces through
    which thermal energy transfers to or from the
    exterior

6
Energy-Efficient Construction
  • Caulking - Filling in small seams or joints to
    reduce air drafts
  • Vapor Retarders - Designed to keep exterior
    moisture from the walls and insulation
  • Most codes require 6-mil plastic over earth
  • All seams must be lapped and sealed
  • Air-to-air exchanger needed for air circulation

7
Energy-Efficient Construction
  • Radiant Barriers - Reduce attic temperatures by
    stopping heat from radiating through the attic
  • Insulation - Saves energy costs and makes home
    temperature more comfortable by reducing air
    infiltration and heat loss

8
Insulation
  • Thermal Resistance - The ability of materials to
    slow heat transfer and measured as R-value
  • R-30 for ceiling
  • R-19 for floors
  • R-11 to R-19 for walls

9
Types of Insulation
  • Loose-Fill - Normally made of fibers or granules
    and blown into cavities and areas
  • Batts and Blanket - Strips of insulation made of
    fiberglass or cotton fibers
  • Rigid Insulation - Fibrous or plastic foam sheets
    of varying thicknesses

10
Types of Insulation
  • Foam-in-Place - A spray-in foam with a high
    R-value made of lcynene
  • Insulated Windows - Using a gas or insulated
    glass to increase the R-value
  • Argon - Colorless and odorless gas
  • Low-E - A transparent coating on the glass
  • Rated with a U-value (1/U R)

11
Energy-Efficient Construction
12
Solar Energy Design
  • Using sunlight to produce useful heat energy
  • Passive solar uses no mechanical devices to
    retain, store, and radiate solar heat
  • Active solar uses mechanical devices to absorb,
    store, and use solar heat
  • Be sure to check local codes before designing any
    solar unit in a building

13
Roof Overhang
2
  • Winter sunlight that is lower in the sky helps
    warm the home
  • Summer sunlight is blocked from entering the
    glass and creating solar energy

14
Passive Solar Systems
  • Solar rays enter the house and are absorbed in
    structural mass during the day and then released
    at night
  • Materials may include
  • Metal Concrete
  • Water Masonry

15
Passive Solar Systems
  • South Facing Glass - Heat created directly by
    sun
  • Clerestory windows provide light and heat to
    second floor
  • Skylights are placed on the south slope of the
    roof and assist in warming in winter

16
Passive Solar Systems
  • Thermal Storage Walls - Walls constructed of
    heat-absorbing material
  • Trombe wall is installed a few inches from a
    south wall and heat is pushed up with cool air
    from below
  • Dark water-filled drums are heated with sunlight
    during the day and heat is released at night

17
Passive Solar Systems
  • Roof Ponds - Containers filled with antifreeze
    are placed on a flat roof
  • Insulation allows the heated antifreeze to
    radiate to the living space
  • Solarium - A room placed on the south side of the
    house that warms during the day
  • The walls are made of glass

18
Passive Solar Systems
  • Envelope Design - A continuous cavity is built
    around the perimeter of the house
  • Solarium is built on the south side
  • In the winter this warm air rises
  • In the summer the envelope can cool the house but
    trees are used to assist

19
Envelope Design
Summer Envelope
Winter Envelope
20
Active Solar System
  • Solar collectors are used to convert sunlight
    into heat by warming a fluid
  • Backup systems are required if there is a lack of
    sunlight

21
Active Solar System
  • Solar Collectors - Sunlight is caught and turned
    into heat
  • Collectors are designed to follow the suns path
    and improve efficiency
  • Storage - Water, rock, or chemicals are used to
    store the excess heat when it is not needed

22
Active Solar System
  • Geothermal Systems - Water from the ground is
    circulated through the house to warm and cool
  • Closed-loop systems use a fluid pumped through
    polyethylene tubes
  • Open-loop systems use water pumped from a well or
    reservoir

23
Active Solar System
24
Active Solar System
  • Photovoltaic Modules - Electricity is produced by
    sunlight
  • photo means light and voltaic means to
    produce electricity by chemical action
  • Both AC and DC electricity is produced

25
Active Solar System
  • Wind Energy - Turbines are turned caused by wind
    created by unequal heating of the earth
  • Hydroelectric Power - Energy is converted from
    falling water into electricity

26
Related Web Sites
  • Alliance to Save Energy - www.ase.org
  • U.S. Department of Energy - www.doe.gov
  • OSI Sealants Inc - www.osisealants.com
  • Sustainable Energy - www.solstice.crest.org
  • U.S. Green Building Council - http//www.usgbc.org
    /
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