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Chapter 23: South Asia

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Chapter 23: South Asia Subcontinent large, distinct landmass that is joined to a continent 7 countries that make up the region are separated from the rest of Asia ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 23: South Asia


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Chapter 23 South Asia
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Subcontinentlarge, distinct landmass that is
joined to a continent
  • 7 countries that make up the region are separated
    from the rest of Asia by mountains
  • composed of a peninsula and some small islands,
    like Sri Lanka and Maldives
  • varied landscapehighest mtn range in world,
    foothills, high desert plateaus rich valleys

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Northern Landforms
  • Himalaya1000 miles across on the northern edge
    of subcontinent
  • hundreds of miles wide
  • Mt. Everesttallest mountain in world29,035 feet
  • Karakoram Mountains
  • K2- 28,250 ft.

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Himalayas
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K2
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  • Hindu Kushalong the northwest (Pakistan and
    Afghanistan)
  • mountains prevented invasions into the region
    except for a few crossing places
  • Khyber Passbetween Pakistan Afghanistan
  • Connection in Silk Road

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Khyber Pass
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  • wide, fertile plains at foot of mts
  • Indus, Ganges Brahmaputra Rivers plains
  • 1/7 of worlds people live along the Ganges Plain
    (almost 1 billion)

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Central Landforms
  • Vindhya Range mountains that divide India into
    northern southern regions separates 2 distinct
    cultures too

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Southern Landforms
  •   2 chains of eroded mountainsmuch older than
    the Himalayas
  • Eastern and Western Ghats
  • triangle of rugged hills
  • Deccan Plateauin between the mountains
  • Arid climate because mountains block the rainy
    winds

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  • Karnataka Plateaulush green because it rains
  • many spices found here
  • dense rain forests
  • wild elephants
  • Islands
  • Sri Lankabroken off piece of the subcontinent
  • Maldivescoral atolls volcanic islands

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From What direction do the winter monsoon winds
come? What kind of weather do they bring?
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Riverskey to life in South Asia 3 major river
systems
  • Indus Riverflows through Pakistan, empties into
    Arabian Sea
  •  important for transportation
  • cradle of ancient Indiaone of worlds ancient
    civilizations

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  • Brahmaputra Riverruns through the Himalayas
    west into India Bangladesh
  • joins Ganges River forms delta
  • used as a major inland waterway
  • provides 50 of Bangladeshs hydroelectric power

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Ganges Rivermost important river    
  • fed by snowcapped mts
  •   during summer monsoons devastating
    floods
  • named for Hindu goddess Ganga
  • considered to be sacred

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Ganges Plain
  • most agriculturally productive area
  •  most densely populated area
  • worlds longest alluvial plain
  • rice, sesame, sugarcane, jute beans grown
    here

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Natural Resources
  •  watermajor river systems provide fertile soil,
    drinking water, transportation, hydroelectric
    power, fish
  • water resource management is important because
    rivers cross national boundaries

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  • energy resourcespetroleum reserves known but
    still depend on imported oil
  • natural gas, uranium too but underdeveloped

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  • Why is the landscape so varied in South Asia?

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  • mineralsresources are rich, diverse
    widespread
  •   Indialeading exporter of iron ore
  •  90 of worlds micaused to make electrical
    equipment
  • some minerals undeveloped
  •  Sri Lankaone of worlds largest producers of
    graphite, sapphires, rubies, other precious and
    semi-precious stones

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Timberforests in Nepal Bhutan
  •  Severe overcutting is a problem
  •  Conservation plans being implemented
  •   Sri Lanka-banned timber exports to protect rain
    forest

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Tropical Subtropical
  • rain forest-west coast of India, Ganges Delta,
    southern Sri Lanka tropical forest
  • savannasurrounds central Indian steppe eastern
    Sri Lankawet dry seasons grasslands trees
  • humid subtropicalNepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh NE
    India mixed forests

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highlands
  • coldest along northern edge
  • snow-capped year round in some places
  • little vegetation
  • foot of mountainsgrasslands bamboo

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Dry climates
  • Desert along lower Indus River and
  • Great Indian Desert
  • Steppesurrounds the deserts except on coast and
    through center of the Deccan Plateau grasslands

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Monsoon
  • What are the monsoons?
  • How do they affect South Asian life and economy?

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Monsoons
  • 3 seasons
  • Hot (late Feb. to June)
  • Wet (June or July to Sept.)
  • Cool (October to late Feb.)
  • All depend on seasonal winds
  • Winter winds
  • Summer winds

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Natural Disasters
  • Droughts
  • Monsoons
  • Why?
  • Cyclone
  • Hurricanes
  • Sustained winds of 74 mph
  • Tsunami

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