Bacteria

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Bacteria

• Smallest and simplest organisms on the planet
• Also the most abundant
• 1 gram of soil has over 2.5 billion bacteria

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Shapes of Bacteria

• Coccusspherical
• Bacilli rod
• Spirilla-spiral
• http//trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/20f/
  Slide2.gif

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Bacteria

• Prokaryotes single celled, no nucleus around
  their genetic material
• Belong to either the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria
  kingdoms

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Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Thrive in unusual places
• Salt lovers- are found where there is a high
  concentration of salt (the Dead Sea)
• Heat lovers are found in hot springs (Yellow
  stone)
• Methane makers- are found in swamps

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Kingdom Eubacteria

• Most bacteria are eubacteria
• Eubacteria has more individual organisms than any
  other kingdom
• Eubacteria get food in 2 ways

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• Most are consumers obtaining nutrients from
  other organisms
• Decomposers feed on dead organic matter
• Parasites feed on living organisms

Pseudomonas is one kind of bacteria found in the
soil. Bacteria recycle dead plants and animals by
turning them into minerals and nutrients that
plants can use.
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Eubacteria that arent comsumers

• Some are producers make their own food
• Some are photosynthetic - these bacteria have
  chlorophyll and convert sun energy into food like
  plants
• Ex Cyanobacteria

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Cyanobacteria

• Bacterial producer
• Live in aquatic environments

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Bacteria Reproduction

• Binary Fission- simple cell division
• Cell grows
• DNA replicates and attaches to cell membrane
• DNA and copy separates as the cell grows even
  larger
• Cell splits in 2. Each new cell has a copy of
  the DNA

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http//diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/weigang/Images/06-
11_binaryfission_1.jpg
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• Most bacteria thrive and reproduce at optimal
  environments (the best)
• Warm, moist environments
• If the conditions are unfavorable, some species
  form a thick, protective membrane
• Once the membrane is formed the bacteria is known
  as an endospore

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Bacterias Role in the World

• Cleaning up- used to combat pollution
• Bioremediation- use of bacteria and other
  microorganisms to change pollutants in harmless
  chemicals
• Clean up industrial, agriculture wastes and oil
  spills

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• Iron from acid run-off from mining can be treated
  on site to reduce and extract pollutants

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Antibiotics

• Medicines used to kill bacteria and other
  microorganisms
• Some bacteria have been genetically engineered to
  make large quantities of antibiotics

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Food

• Lactic-acid bacteria convert sugar in milk to
  lactic acid which is a preservative and adds
  flavor
• Used in sour dough bread, cheese, yogurt, sour
  cream, sourkraut and pickles

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Harmful Bacteria

• Pathogenic bacteria cause diseases
• Examples
• Dental cavities, ulcers, strep throat, food
  poisoning, bacterial pneumonia, Lyme disease,
  Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever