Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry

1
Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry
2
Charles Turnip Townshend
3
(No Transcript)
4
Robert Bakewell, Selective Breeding

• 1710- 370 lbs 30 lbs
• 1800- 769 lbs 80 lbs

5
The Industrial Revolution...

• The shift from an agrarian, hand-made,
  labor-intensive economy to a machine-made,
  labor-specialization economy.
• 1750 in England

6
Industrial Revolution in perspective

• Transformation of every facet of society
• Accelerated the pace of modernization
• Increased the size and importance of the middle
  class
• Created a new-working class
• Became a force for democracy
• Hastened the secularization of European life
• Changed the geography of global interaction
• Made possible the highest standard of living in
  human history

7
A traditional spinning wheel
8

• The putting-out system- early capitalism

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11

• The Gallant Weaver, by Robert Burns
•       Where Cart rins flow in tae the
  sea,        By many a flow'r and shading tree, 
        There lives a lad, the lad for me,       
  He is a gallant weaver.        Oh I had wooers
  ought of nine,        That gied me rings and
  ribbons fine,        But I was fear'd my heart
  wad tine,        And I gie'd it tae the
  weaver.       My daddie sign'd my tocher
  band,       To gi'e the lad that has the
  land,       But tae my heart I'll add my
  hand,       And gie'd it to the
  weaver.       While birds rejoice in leafy
  bow'rs,       While bees delight in opening
  flow'rs,       While corn grows green in summer
  show'rs,       I'll love my gallant weaver.
•  

12
John Kays Flying Shuttle, 1733- doubled the
speading of weaving thread, resulting in the
Yarn Famine

13

• 1764...James Hargreaves
• Spinning Jenny, - 8 spools of thread from
  one wheel!

14
(No Transcript)
15
Richard Awkrights Water Frame, 1769

• A system of rollers driven by water which spun
  firmer and finer thread on 100 spools
• Awkright is known as the Father of the Factory
  System.

16
Samuel Cromptons Spinning Mule, 1779

• Combined the spinning jenny and the water
  frame from to make the Spinning Mule

17
James Watts Steam Engine, 1781
18
Edmund Cartwrights Power Loom, 1785

• Adapted the spinning mule to steam power
  allowing 200 spools of thread to be spun
  automatically, with little human interaction

19
Eli Whitneys Cotton Gin, 1793

• 50 lbs of cleaned cotton daily
• 1780-9 million bushels of cotton imported to
  England
• 1835-21 million bushels

20

• One small boy could watch over 2 power looms
  whose output was 15x greater than a skilled
  handloom weaver

21

• Factory towns spread all over England Manchester
  became the cotton capital of the world

22

• Luddites displaced weavers rebelled in 1811-
  angry over their loss of jobs, they attacked and
  destroyed textile machines throughout England

23
Robert Fultons Clermont, 1807
24
George Stephensons Rocket, 1825
25
In summary

• Technological advances in textiles
• Steam power
• The new iron age- steel
• Transportation and communication
• Incorporation
• Urbanization
• The working class
• Relief and reform