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Literature Survey, Literature Comprehension,

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Title: Literature Survey, Literature Comprehension,


1
Literature Survey, Literature Comprehension,
Literature Review
2
The Literature Survey
3
Literature Survey
  • The literature survey is the process of
    identifying and acquiring the research papers,
    textbooks, web-sites, theses, etc. that you will
    require to get a comprehensive overview of the
    research that has been done in the area that you
    are investigating.
  • A focused survey technique is recommended to
    ensure you hit the ground running and using
    this technique you are almost immediately in a
    position to implement experiments.

4
Literature Survey
  • Recording the papers you have found and read is
    also of vital importance, and techniques and
    software available for these tasks are also
    covered in this section.
  • If you know the exact domain of your research it
    makes sense to initially focus your search on
    papers that relate (almost) exactly to your own
    research, rather than spending a great deal of
    time reading every paper under the sun that seems
    remotely relevant.

5
Literature Survey
  • A vital step is to identify

KEYWORDS
6
Literature Survey
  • e.g. you are doing research on Communities of
    practice
  • What other keywords do we need to look out for?

7
Literature Survey
  • e.g. you are doing research on Communities of
    practice
  • What other keywords do we need to look out for?
  • Network of practice
  • Virtual community
  • Virtual Ethnography
  • Virtual team
  • Community-driven knowledge management

8
Literature Survey
  • You need to get a notebook that you carry with
    you, and list all the keywords in there.
  • Use that to record ideas you have about your
    research.
  • Use it to record details of meetings with your
    supervisor.
  • Insert any useful newspaper articles, pictures,
    etc. that help.

9
Literature Survey
  • Using these keywords, go to the library and go
    online and look for journal papers, books,
    conference papers, etc. that are relevant.
  • Just using Google is insufficient, you need to
    search in the real world as well.

10
Literature Survey
  • What does peer-reviewed mean?
  • When you submit a research paper, a number of
    people will read the paper and give
    feedback/corrections on it.
  • The people who review it will be as expert as you
    are in the field of research (and as such are
    your peers).
  • Some conferences only get one person to review a
    paper, others get two, others more the more
    people that review conference papers, the more
    prestigious the conference is, since the papers
    in it are bound to be of very quality.
  • Journal papers are normally reviewed by several
    people, and are considered very credible.

11
Good Sources ?
  • Journal Papers
  • Conference Papers
  • Textbooks
  • Other Books
  • Company Whitepapers
  • Company Websites
  • Blogs
  • Wikis

Credibility
12
Literature Survey
  • What are some good journals?

13
Who are ACM ?
  • The Association for Computing Machinery, or ACM,
    is a learned society for computing. It was
    founded in 1947 as the world's first scientific
    and educational computing society. Its membership
    is more than 92,000 as of 2009. ACM is organized
    into over 170 local chapters and 35 Special
    Interest Groups (SIGs), through which it conducts
    most of its activities. Many of the SIGs, like
    SIGGRAPH, SIGPLAN, SIGCSE and SIGCOMM, sponsor
    regular conferences which have become famous as
    the dominant venue for presenting new innovations
    in certain fields. The groups also publish a
    large number of specialized journals, magazines,
    and newsletters.

14
ACM SIGs
  • SIGACCESS - Accessible Computing
  • SIGACT - Algorithms and Computation Theory
  • SIGAda - Ada Programming Language
  • SIGAPP - Applied Computing
  • SIGARCH - Computer Architecture
  • SIGART - Artificial Intelligence
  • SIGBED - Embedded Systems
  • SIGCAS - Computers and Society
  • SIGCHI - Computer-Human Interaction
  • SIGCOMM - Data Communication
  • SIGCSE - Computer Science Education
  • SIGDA - Design Automation
  • SIGDOC - Design of Communication
  • SIGecom - Electronic Commerce
  • SIGEVO - Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
  • SIGGRAPH - Computer Graphics and Interactive
    Techniques
  • SIGIR - Information Retrieval
  • SIGITE - Information Technology Education
  • SIGKDD - Knowledge Discovery in Data
  • SIGMETRICS - Measurement and Evaluation
  • SIGMICRO - Microarchitecture
  • SIGMIS - Management Information Systems
  • SIGMM - Multimedia
  • SIGMOBILE - Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and
    Computing
  • SIGMOD - Management of Data
  • SIGOPS - Operating Systems
  • SIGPLAN - Programming Languages
  • SIGSAC - Security, Audit and Control
  • SIGSAM - Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation
  • SIGSIM - Simulation and Modeling
  • SIGSOFT - Software Engineering
  • SIGSPATIAL - SIGSPATIAL
  • SIGUCCS - University and College Computing
    Services
  • SIGWEB - Hypertext, Hypermedia and Web

15
Who else ?
  • Another significant group are IEEE
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers) called eye-triple-e is a
    professional organization for the advancement of
    technology, it also publishes a number journals,
  • including IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data
    Engineering

16
IEEE Transactions
  • IEEE Computational intelligence and AI
  • IEEE Transactions on Computers
  • IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure
    Computing
  • IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data
    Engineering
  • IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed
    Systems
  • IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
    Intelligence
  • IEEE Transactions on Services Computing
  • IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
  • IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer
    Graphics
  • IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
  • IEEE Transactions on Haptics
  • IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in
    Biomedicine
  • IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
  • IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
  • IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
  • IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience
  • IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration
    (VLSI) Systems
  • IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology
    and Bioinformatics
  • IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

17
Literature Survey
  • And any good research sites ?

18
Google Scholar
19
http//arxiv.org/archive/cs
20
WebLenshttp//www.weblens.org/scholar.html
21
INFOMINE
22
DBLP
23
Gartner
24
Literature Survey
  • Searching the Web

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Literature Survey
  • But remember
  • If you just search for Community of practice
    you will miss out on
  • Network of practice
  • Virtual community
  • Virtual Ethnography
  • Virtual team
  • Community-driven knowledge management

32
acronyms
single-concept principle
pseudo-synonyms, or false synonyms
antonyms
hyponyms
neologisms
phraseologism
PROBLEMS WITH USING A SEARCH ENGINE AS THE SOLE
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
quasi-synonyms, or near-synonyms
hypernyms
Cross- references
collocation
monosemy
synonyms
tautonyms
polysemy
abbreviations
33
Finding Research online
  • Effective Searching
  • Let us consider searching for information
    relating to 'Project-Based Learning'
  • The Hyphen
  • The first thing to note is the hyphen between the
    words 'Project' and 'Based', will every web-page
    relating to this subject have the hyphen in it,
    or will some just leave it out. If you just leave
    it out the search engines will find the phrase
    with or without the hyphen.

34
Finding Research online
  • So the first search to try is
  • "Project Based Learning"
  • if this returns 10,000 links then try
  • "Project Based Learning" "PhD Thesis"
  • "Project Based Learning" "Masters Thesis
  • Project Based Learning Masters Thesis
    Declaration
  • this may return PhD or Masters thesis on the
    subject you require information on.

35
Finding Research online
  • To find other 'good' pages relating to your
    subject matter, try
  • "Project Based Learning Link"
  • for "PBL Links" or "PBL Link Page"
  • "Project Based Learning Portal"
  • for "PBL Portal" or "PBL Portal Page"
  • "Project Based Learning Webring"
  • for "PBL Webring" or "PBL Webrings"
  • "Project Based Learning FAQ"
  • for "PBL FAQ"or "PBL FAQs" or "PBL FAQL"or "PBL
    FAQLs"

36
Finding Research online
  • If you are looking for papers relating to
    "Project Based Learning", try
  • "Project Based Learning" Bibliography
  • "Project Based Learning" Literature Review
  • "Project Based Learning" Literature Survey
  • "Project Based Learning" Overview
  • "Project Based Learning" A Roadmap
  • Unlike the previous section where we were looking
    for 'good' pages and put the entire phrase in
    double quotes, in this section we are only
    putting the subject matter we are investigating
    in quotes and the rest of the terms are free
    text, in this way we can find pages which may not
    be titled, for example, "Project Based Learning
    Bibliography", but may be a bibliography which
    contain references to Project Based Learning.

37
Finding Research online
  • If you are looking for a more specific topic, for
    example, "The Impact of the Web on Project Based
    Learning", try
  • "Impact of the Web on Project Based Learning"
    (unlikely)
  • "Project Based Learning" overview web
  • "Project Based Learning" survey web
  • "Project Based Learning" review web
  • "Project Based Learning" assessment web

38
Finding Research online
  • Also consider web-sites which will be using the
    acronym for "Project Based Learning"
  • so try
  • "PBL"
  • "P.B.L."
  • Consider the acronym for "Virtual Learning
    Environments", it could be "VLE"or "VLEs"or
    "V.L.E."or "V.L.E.s"or "V.L.Es", so try
  • "VLE"
  • "V.L.E"

39
Literature Survey
  • Here is a good tip

40
Literature Survey
  • Find an up-to-date thesis that is closely related
    to your research question (your supervisor should
    be able to help you with this, if not, search the
    web) and use this as a launch pad to your
    research This is a very useful starting point
    since it will give you an immediate overview of
    your research field.

41
Some Considerations When Using A Thesis As A
Starting Point
  • Regional Variations Different countries,
    different regions and even different universities
    have differing standards for their dissertations,
    so, whilst the dissertation is a useful starting
    point, it can only be considered as such, and is
    not a template for your own work.
  • Correspondence of Research The dissertation
    that you are using should have a significant
    overlap with your own research, but there are
    bound to be differences, therefore, your own
    literature review will be very different to the
    one you have found, since yours is aimed at
    highlighting the gap that you wish to address.
  • Quality of Research The quality of the
    dissertation is something you will need to
    consider, how comprehensive is this persons work
    ? Have they missed any important papers or major
    blocks of research ?

42
Literature Survey
  • Bibliography Software

43
Zotero
Free
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BibTeX
Free
47
Pybliographer
Free
48
Biblioscape
49
EndNote
EndNote web is free.
50
Mendeley
51
Qiqqa
52
Reference Manager
53
Literature Survey
  • When have you found enough papers?

54
Literature Survey
  • When have you found enough papers?
  • There is no hard-and-fast rule, but my own
    suggestion is about 50 papers you dont have to
    review them yet, just have them printed out in a
    pile.
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