Triumphs of a Crusade

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Section 2

• Triumphs of a Crusade

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Freedom Rides (1961)

• Bus Desegregation challenged
• White leaders in the South ignore SC ruling about
  desegregating busses

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• Black and white activists (CORE and SNCC) sat
  together on buses headed towards south
• Encountered violence
• Used Federal Marshalls to integrate buses, lunch
  counters, restrooms

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Colleges

• Colleges were still segregated and needed to be
  desegregated

James Meredith
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• U Miss all white up to 1962
• James Meredith Black Air Force Veteran
• Fed Marshalls had to escort him
• Lots of violence and riots to keep him out

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• University of Alabama
• All white up to 1963
• George WallaceAlabama gov. that tried to prevent
  blacks from attending
• Fed marshals used here too

7
Birmingham

• April 1963, MLK asked to come lead peaceful
  demonstrations
• Arrested and thrown in jail
• May 2, 1000 black children march, almost all
  arrested
• May 3, 2nd Crusade
• Law enforcement ready and react violently
• June 11, NAACP leader Medgar Evans is
  assassinated

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Result

• Because of coverage city government agreed to end
  segregation
• Inspired other communities to rise up
• Inspired Kennedy to write new Civil Rights
  Legislation

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Civil Rights Act 1964

• Passes easily for two reasons
• 1. March on DC
• I have a Dream
• 2. Carry out legacy of JFK
• What did it do?
• Prohibited most forms of discrimination
• Race , religion, Gender, Ethnicity
• Now needed to be enforced

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Demanding Voting Rights

• Freedom Summer 1964
• Group of mostly college students that attempt to
  register AA voters in South, met with violence
• 24th Amendment (1964)
• Eliminated having to pay a fee to vote--poll taxes

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Selma

• March 7, 1965
• Protest voting injustices
• Met with a lot of violence
• Media captured it
• 2nd March on the 21st occurred with gov
  protection
• Also covered by media
• Nat. gov had to act

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1965 Voting Rights Act

• Summer 65
• Gov. eliminated having to pass a literacy test
  to vote
• Allowed National Government to Register blacks
• Previously had to go through Racist local
  officials
• End result of registered voters tripled