Age of Exploration

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Reasons for Exploration

• The 3 Gs
• Gold
• God
• Glory

Northern India Gold Hair Ornament
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Reasons for Exploration

• Technology
• Astrolab
• Compass
• Caravel

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Post Classical Trade RoutesPre Age of Exploration
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Exploring Africa?
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Route to India
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Cape of Good Hope
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Da Gama and Dias Were Here!
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Cape Point Where the 2 Oceans Meet
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The Castle Trading Post

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Diaz and His Post Office
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Tsitsikamma
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Iberian Expeditions
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Treaty of Tordeseillas and the Papal Line of
Demarcation
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Pedro Cabral
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Cortes vs. Moctezuma II
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Aztecs Surrender to Cortez
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Pizzaro vs. Atahualpa
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Saqsayhuaman
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Machu Picchu
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Lake Titicaca
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Floating Uros Islands
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Inti Raymi
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Inca
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Juanita
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Inca Spanish Architecture?
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Cathedral of Cusco (Spanish)
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The Heartbeat of Mercantilism
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Mercantilism

• The economy and trade are essential to the health
  and safety of the nation.
• Gold Silver
• Favorable Balance of Trade
• Export gt Imports of manufactured goods!
• High Tariffs on Manufactured Imports!!!
• Mother country colonies
• Control foreign markets

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Columbian Exchange andBio Terrorism?
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The Columbian Exchange
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
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Global Trade Patterns
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Atlantic Explorations
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European Empires
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Colonial Rivalries
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17th Century Commercial Routes
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New/Old Economy

• Encomiendas

• Haciendas

• Feudalism (think of William the Conqueror!)
• Grant land to loyal subjects
• Control Indigenous Pop.
• Collect Tribute
• Coerced Labor
• Cash Crops ( subsistence)
• Encomendero provided protection Christianity

• Large estates
• Workers employed
• Produced food for Americas
• Powerful aristocracy

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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

• Spanish bring the 1st shipment of African Slaves
  in 1518
• The African Diaspora will bring 10 million
  Africans to Latin America

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Slave Ship the Middle Passage
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The Coffin Position
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Interior of Slave Ship
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Triangular Trade
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Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
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The Latin American Caste System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves
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Miscegenation?

• Caucasian with Indigenous people (Mestizo)
• Caucasian with African people (Mulatto)
• Most European migrations primarily male
• One of the regions greatest modern problems!

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Magellans Cirumnavigation
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Father Bartholomew de Las Casas
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