Chapter 11: The Muslim World

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Chapter 11The Muslim World

• Section 1 Rise of Islam
• Section 2 Islam Spreads
• Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
• Section 4 Muslims In India
• Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• Summary
• Islam arose in Arabia around 622 and became one
  of the worlds major religions

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• In 622, a new religion called Islam arose in
  Arabia
• According to Islam, God sent his angel Gabriel
  with a command to Muhammad to spread the message
  of Islam
• Muhammad spent the rest of his life spreading the
  word of Islam
• Soon thousands of people adopted Islam

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• People who practice Islam are called Muslims
• Like Jews and Christians, Muslims are
  monotheistic, or believers in one God (Allah)
• Allah is believed to be compassionate and
  all-powerful

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• Islam teaches that people are responsible for the
  way they behave
• Muslims must pray everyday and are expected to
  fast, or go without food, from sunrise to sunset
  during the holy month of Ramadan

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• Muslims are supposed to help the poor and visit
  the holy city of Mecca
• Muslims believe that if they follow Islamic
  teachings, they will have eternal happiness after
  death

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• The sacred book of Islam is the Quran
• Muslims believe that the Quran contains the word
  of God, so it is the final authority in all
  matters
• It also provides a complete guide to life

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• Over time, Muslim developed a system of law,
  called the Sharia
• These laws teach people how to behave in family
  life, business, and other aspects of the
  community
• In this way, Islam is both a religion and a way
  of life

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Section 1 Rise of Islam

• The Quran, the Sharia, and the Arabic language
  helped to unite all Muslims

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Section 1 Rise of Islam
The Five Duties of Islam
Alms, or help for the poor
Daily Prayer
Islam
Monotheistic
Fasting, during Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca
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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• Summary
• Inspired by Mohammads teachings, Arab armies
  spread Islam through parts of three continents

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• Arabs spread Islam across parts of three
  continents
• After Muhammad died, Arab armies built a large
  empire
• They conquered parts of the Byzantine empire, the
  Persian empire, Egypt, and Spain

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• The Arabs were successful partly because the
  Byzantine and Persian empires were weak from
  fighting wars against each other

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• Most important Arabs were united by their belief
  in Islam
• The Arabs treated conquered people fairly
• People in defeated empires welcomed the Arabs
  after years of living under harsh rulers
• Many converted to Islam

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• After the death of Muhammad Muslims disagreed
  about who should be the ruler of Islam
• They split into two groups, Sunnis and Shiites

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• Today, Sunnis and Shiites share most religious
  beliefs, laws, and a way of life
• But they still differ over the issue of who
  should have succeeded Muhammad as leader of the
  Islamic community

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• Several strong dynasties ruled the Arab empire
• However, around 850, the empire began to decline
• Independent dynasties arose to rule separate
  Muslim states

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Section 2 Islam Spreads

• In the 900s, the Seljuk Turks adopted Islam and
  built their own empire
• They took control of the Arab capital, Baghdad
• Then, in the 1200s, the Mongols destroyed Baghdad

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Section 2 Islam Spreads
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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• Summary
• During the Golden Age of Muslim civilization,
  Muslims of many lands made advances in art,
  literature, and science

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• As the Muslim empire grew, it added Persians,
  Egyptians, Africans, Europeans, and others to the
  Arab population
• Over time, Muslim culture blended many different
  traditions

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• A strong economy helped to spread Islam
• Between 750-1350, Muslim merchants built a trade
  network across the Islamic world and beyond
• Muslims invented new ways of doing business that
  included credit sales and bank checks

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• Muslim artisans produced fine carpets, glassware,
  and steel swords

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• To help them farm the deserts, leaders built huge
  irrigation systems

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• The many cultures of the Muslim empire influenced
  art and literature
• For example, Muslim architects adapted Byzantine
  domes and arches for their buildings
• Arabs loved stories, so they collected tales from
  all over the Islamic world

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• However, the Quran was the most important piece
  of Arab literature
• Many writers wrote poems and stories based on the
  Quran

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

• The Muslims were excellent scientists
• They contributed to the development of algebra
• Muslim astronomers studied eclipses
• They also figured out the circumference of, or
  distance around, the Earth

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Section 3 Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Muslim civilization
Art -Adapt Byzantine domes and arches Literature -Quran most important -Collect stories from other people
Learning -Develop Algebra -Measure Earths circumference Medicine -Set up hospitals -Studied diseases
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Section 4 Muslims In India

• Summary
• Muslim invasions resulted in Islamic rule of
  Northern India

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• In the late 1100s, Turkish Muslims conquered
  Northern India
• They set up a dynasty called the Delhi sultanate
• Muslims rule brought changes to Indian government
  and society

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• Muslims sultans introduced Muslim ways of
  government
• Trade between India and the Muslim world
  increased
• Many Muslim scholars went to India
• They helped create a brilliant civilization at
  Delhi

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• Muslim rule in India brought together two very
  different religions and cultures
• Hinduism was an ancient religion, with many gods
  and many sacred texts
• Islam was a newer religion with one god and one
  sacred text

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• The Delhi sultans allowed Hindus to practice
  their religion
• Over time, Muslim and Hindu cultures blended
  together
• Many Hindus converted to Islam

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• Indian Muslims adopted Hindu marriage customs and
  the caste system
• A new language Urdu, mixed Persian, Arabic, and
  Hindi
• Also a new religion, Sikhism developed
• Sikhism blended Muslim and Hindu beliefs

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• In 1526, Muslim India was reorganized
• They set up the Mughal dynasty
• The most important Mughal ruler was Akbar the
  Great

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Section 4 Muslims In India

• Akbar built a strong government through his
  policy of religious tolerance
• He married a Hindu princess and allowed Hindu
  princes to help rule the empire
• He also modernized the army and encouraged trade

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Section 4 Muslims In India
Islam Hindu
One sacred book Many sacred books
One god Many gods goddesses
No statues of god Pray before many statues
All believers equal before god People of different castes are not equal
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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Summary
• New military technology helped both the Ottomans
  and Safavids to create powerful empires

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Starting in the 1400s while the Mughals ruled
  India, two other Muslim dynasties arose
• Both used new weapons and military strategies to
  win territory

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• One group, the Ottomans, built a huge empire in
  the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and northern
  Africa

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• The other group, the Safavid dynasty, built a
  powerful empire in Persia

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Muslim traditions influenced both empires
• Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
  strengthened the government and improved the
  system of justice

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Ottoman law was based on the Sharia
• Government officials worked with religious
  leaders who interpreted the law

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• The Safavids created a strong government,
  strengthened the army, and formed alliances with
  European states

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Wise leaders of both empires accepted people of
  other religions
• However, the Ottomans and Safavids were bitter
  enemies because of their opposing views of Islam

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Both the Ottomans and the Safavids enjoyed a
  Golden Age under great leaders

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• During the reign of Suleiman, Ottoman painters
  used Persian styles to create beautiful
  manuscripts
• Architects built many palaces and places of
  worship called Mosques

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid Empires

• Safavid leader Shah Abbas the Great restored the
  culture of Persia
• He welcomed artists, poets, and scholars to his
  capital city
• His palace workshops produced beautiful
  porcelains, clothes, and rugs

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Section 5 The Ottoman Safavid EmpiresCompare
Contrast
Ottoman Held in Common Safavid
Sunni Use new weapons Shiite
Fight against Europe Religious toleration Allies with Europe
Use Persian Arab Ideas
Fight against each other in religious wars