Biology, 6e

1
LEC 05
Families Part I
FIELD BOTANY Lecture 05 Dr. Donald P. Althoff
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Botany in a Day Approach

• Looking for ___________
• Wildflowers of North America by Venning is
  organized by family
• Recommends Plant Identification Terminology by
  Harris and Harris (you have it)
• http//www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com/Plant_Familie
  s/Plant_Families_Index.html has ID images by
  familybut mostly from Rocky Mtn. region

3
Set I (________)
garlic mustard
early winter cress

• Mustard family
• Mint family
• Parsley family
• Pea family (Bean)

wild mint
Virginia mountain mint
wild parsnip
partridge pea
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Mustard Family

• TAXONICALLY _______________ (previously
  Cruciferae)
• annuals/biennal herbs and forbs
• well know species broccoli cabbage
  cauliflower turnip Chinese cabbage rapeseed
  common radish horseradish

5
Mustard Family flowering parts patterns

• Start from the outside and work in.
• outside of flower _______, usually green
• there are ________typically arranged in __ or
  __ pattern

1
4
3
2
4
3
1
2
6
H pattern
X pattern
hairy rock cress
garlic mustard
previously __________ familytranslates to cross
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Mustard Family inside flowering parts patterns

• _________ tall and __ short (surround pistil
  that is usually taller than the stamen)

3
2
1
4
1
2
perennial pepperweed
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Mustard Family key

• _______________________4 tall and 2 short

garlic mustard (A) black mustard (A) white
mustard (A) Indian mustard (A) field mustard
(rape) (A) watercress Dames rocket
(A) cuckcoo-flower shepards purse
(A) pepperweeds (A)
3
2
1
4
1
2
9
Dames rocket (A)
cut-leaved toothwort
field mustard (rape) (A)
cuckcoo flower
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Mustard Family

• All species of this family are _______some eat
  fruit, many eat the leaves.
• Most species are considered ______ (hence the
  many alien species noted already)
• Alien species do well at _________ sites
• _____ fast, _____________ in the growing
  seasontherefore ____ plants

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Mustard Family seed/seedpod

• Many shapes and sizes. Seed pods spilt open
  from both sides to expose a clear membrane in the
  middle.

Shepards purse
mustard seed
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Mustard Family seedpod

• All seedpods come from _______ on the flower
  stalk.

shepards purse
peppergrass
garlic mustard
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Mustard Family use your senses

• Each has unique ______ and ______
• General mustardness
• Can ID as a family member by _________ leaves and
  smelling them

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Mint Family

• TAXONICALLY ___________ (previously
  Labiatae)
• perennial herbs and forbs
• well know species wild mint catnip
  purple dead-nettle henbit
  peppermint lavender

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Mint Family stalk and leaf patterns

• Distinctive ________ stems
• Simple, ________ leaves

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Mint Family stalk and leaf patterns
CROSS-SECTION distinctive __________ stem,
with small pith/hollowness
_________, simple leaves
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Mint Family seed capsule
Flower matures to a seed capsule containing
4 _______
Each nutlet contains __________ seeds
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Mint Family senses seasons

• Each has unique _______ and ________
• General ___________ quality to most
  (exceptions include water-horehounds and
  bugleweeds)
• Some are C3 plants, some are C4 plants

ex. wild mint bugleweed water-horehound
ex. Heal-all Henbit
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Mint Family key

• Square stalks/stems, opposite leaves, often
  aromatic

Virginia mountain wild mint white dead-nettle
(A) purple giant hyssop curled mint
(A) peppermint (A) spearmint (A) rough
hedge-nettle gill-over-the-ground (A) (
ground ivy)
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Mint Family flowering parts patterns
2
1

• ___________ __ long, __ short
• ___________ __ lobes up and __ down
• ____________

2
1
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Mint Family flowering parts patterns
Note ____________

• 5 united petals 2 lobes up and 3 down ?

? 4 stamens 2 long, 2 short
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common dittany
Virginia mountain mint
catnip
blue giant hyssop
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Bee-balm Oswego tea
Note _________
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Mint Family use your senses

• Each has unique taste and smell
• General mint-ness from volatile
  oils (concentrated hydrophobic liquid)
• Can ID as a family member by crushing leaves and
  stalk and dried flowersand smelling them

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Parsley (Carrot) Family

• TAXONICALLY __________ (previously
  Umbelliferae)
• annual, biennial, perennial herbs and forbs
• well know species poison hemlock (A) car
  away (A) wild carrot (Queen
  Annes lace) (A) yellow pipernel

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Parsley Family flower head patterns

• Distinctive ____________ consisting of umbellets

All stems of flower cluster radiate from
__________ at end of stalk
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poison hemlock
All stems of flower cluster radiate from single
point at end of stalk
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Parsley Family key ID the single point umbel
gt _ pt.
gt _ pt.
Queen Annes lace
All stems of flower cluster radiate from
_________ at end of stalk
common yarrow
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Parsley Family stem patterns

• Distinctive _____________
• Most speciesespecially two of the most
  dangerous ___________ and _______ __________

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Parsley Family Miscellaneous

• Many are invasive (Queen Annes lace, poison
  hemlock)
• Many do well in moist waste areas (ex. poison
  hemlock and water hemlock)
• Some are C3 plants, some are C4 plants

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Parsley Family cautions!

• Some edible, some not (i.e. poisonous)
• _____________ of some can be lethal
• Some can case __________ by touching

wild parsnip
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Bean (Pea) Family

• TAXONICALLY ____________ (previously
  Leguminosae)
• annual, biennial, perennial herbs, forbs, trees
• well know species wild blue
  indigo beans wild alfalfa locust
  (black honey) vetch clover (red,
  white, etc.)

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Bean Family flower head patterns

• _________ flowers
• __ petals form distinctive _______, ______, and
  _____keel consist of 2 fused petals (for most)

banner
wings
keel
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red clover
Difficult to see the banner-wing-keel design
details for some species with a very close
lookmainly due to _________ flower size!
crimson clover
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Bean Family pods design

• ________ pods
• Often with _________ divided leaf with many
  smaller leaflets

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alfalfa
garden variety peas
Kentucky coffee tree
As __________ they form a pea-like pod. Seeds
found within the seed pod.
wild blue indigo
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alfalfa
partridge pea
American hog peanut
Pinnately compound leaves
alfalfa
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_________
__________
sessile
slender bush
red
panicled tick-trefoil
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Bean (pea) Family Miscellaneous

• Legumes nitrogen fixers. Most welcome in most
  instances. Traditional grain crop rotation used
  to be corn?corn?beans?back to corn
• Some are invasive (see next slide)
• Some are C3 plants, some are C4 plants

ex. tickseeds soybeans A. hogpeanut
ex. alfalfa peas clovers
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________________ Chinese lespedeza Lespedeza
cuneata
Highly _______ in prairie / pasture habitat
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Bean Family Taxonomically-speaking

• ________ (i.e., quasi-subfamily designation)
• 8 tribes total
• Clover-like species in clover tribe (one genus
  Trifolium ________________)
• Bean-like species in bean tribe

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Next time
Botany in a Day cont

• Lily
• Mallow
• Aster
• Poaceae (again)