Nutrients are molecules that provide the body with energy and materials for growth. Three kinds of nutrients you eat are called fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

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• Nutrients are molecules that provide the body
  with energy and materials for growth. Three kinds
  of nutrients you eat are called fats, proteins,
  and carbohydratesterms you may have already
  heard. Think about what they may mean.
• 1. Write a brief description of what you think
  fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are.
• Which of these three nutrients do you think
  should make up the largest part of your diet?
  Which should make up the smallest part? Arrange
  the three nutrients in order starting from the
  one that you should eat the most to the one that
  you should eat the least.
• 3. Why might it be unwise to eat too much of the
  nutrient you listed last?

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• Food Nutrition
• Chapter 38.1

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Why Do We Need Food?

• Eat food for
• Energy
• Raw materials to building new molecules and
  repair body tissues
• Proteins for chemical reactions
• Phospholipids in cell membranes
• DNA

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Nutrition

• ?the study of food and its effects on the body
• Energy in food is measured by the heat it gives
  off when burned in the unit calories
• One calorie is the amount of heat energy needed
  to raise the temperature of one gram of water by
  one degree Celsius
• ?1 Calorie 1000 calories 1 kilocalorie (kcal)
• Average female 2200 Calories
• Average male 2800 Calories

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Essential Nutrients

• supply the energy and raw materials you body uses
  for growth, repair, and maintenance.
• The nutrients that the body needs include
• Water
• Carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals

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Water

• Every cell in the human body needs water because
  many of the bodys processes including chemical
  reactions, take place in water
• Water loss causes problems in the circulatory,
  respiratory, digestive, and nervous system

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Carbohydrates

• Major source of energy in diet
• Two forms
• Simple sugars (mono and disaccharides)
• Complex starches (Polysaccharides)
• Broken down into simple sugars in the digestive
  system
• Cellulose ? Fiber
• Humans cannot break down fiber ? bulk helps
  muscles to keep food and wastes moving through
  your digestive and excretory system.

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Fats

• Produced from fatty acids and glycerol
• Manufacture cell membranes, myelin sheaths,
  produce hormones, absorb fat-soluble vitamins and
  store energy
• Protect organs and insulate the body
• Saturated ? single bonds between carbon
• ? maximum of hydrogen atoms
• Unsaturated ? at least 1 double bond
• ? liquid at room temperature

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Proteins

• Provide body with material for growth
• Make up parts of muscles, skin and internal
  organs
• Enzymes
• Body can naturally produce 12 of 20 amino acids
• ?8 remaining a.a. come from the food we eat
• Called essential amino acids

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Vitamins

• Organic molecules that are needed by the body to
  help perform important chemical reactions
• 14 essential vitamins
• 2 types
• Fat-soluble (A,D,E,K)
• ? stored in fatty tissues of the body
• Water-soluble (C,B)
• ?cant be stored in the body

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Vitamin Deficiency

• Scurvy
• Vitamin C Deficiency
• Vitamin C necessary to form Collagen

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Nutrient Deficiency

• Rickets
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Lack of exposure to sunlight

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Minerals

• ?Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually
  in small amounts
• Example Ca (bones), Fe (needed for hemoglobin),
  and Mg (normal functions of nerves and muscles)
• Lost in sweat, urine, and other waste products

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Review

• What is the importance of water in the body?
• Why is fiber an important part of your diet
• How are vitamins and minerals similar?
• How are they different?
• People say, You are what you eat! Is there any
  truth to that?

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Concept Map
Section 38-1
Nutrients
include
include
are made of
include
include
are made using
such as
such as
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Old Food Pyramid
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n-presentation_eng_pc.html
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Reading Nutritional Facts
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Evaluating Food Labels

• Take a look at your Nutrition Facts label and
  answer the following questions
• 1. If you ate 2 servings of this product, how
  many grams of fat would you eat?
• - How many grams of protein?
• 2. How many Calories in a gram of Fat?
• - Of protein?
• - Of carbohydrates?
• 3. On a 2000-Calorie diet, what is the Daily
  Value for total fat?
• - For sodium?
• - For fiber?
• 4. If you were an advertising agency for your
  product, what nutritional aspect would you want
  to promote and which one would you want to hide?