PROFESSIONAL PATHOLOGY IS THE SECTION OF CLINICAL MEDICINE. History of occupational diseases. Bodnar R.Ya.

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PROFESSIONAL PATHOLOGY IS THE SECTION OF CLINICAL
MEDICINE. History of occupational
diseases.

Bodnar R.Ya.
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PLAN of lecture

• General issues on occupational pathology
• Notion of occupational pathology as a clinical
  discipline
• Classification of occupational diseases
• History of occupational disrases.
• Pecularities of diagnosis of professional
  diseases.
• Organization of previous and periodical medical
  examinationof workers of industrial factories and
  agriculture. Examination of working capacity.
• Benzene poisoning

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NOTION ABOUT PROFESSIONAL DISEASES

• Professional pathology is the section of clinical
  medicine that studies the question of etiology,
  pathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics, medical
  treatment and prophylaxis of professional
  diseases.

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Professional harmfulness

• Professional harmfulness - it is the factors of
  production environment or labor process, which
  cause an unfavorable action to the organism of
  working and at certain force and duration of
  their action are able to cause the pathological
  states or nosologic forms of diseases.

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Professional harmfulness

• Professional harmfulness
• I. Chemical toxic substances.
• ??. Industrial dust.
• ???. Physical factors (industrial noise,
  ultrasound, vibration, electromagnetic, laser and
  ionizing radiation, excessive or reduces
  atmospheric pressure, high and low temperature of
  external environment etc.)
• ?V. Biological industrial factors (antibiotics,
  fungi, micro- and macro organisms).
• V. Overstrain of separate organs and systems
  (physical, static and dynamic overload of
  locomotor system, muscles, nervous system, organs
  of eyesight, hearing, hypodynamia and others).

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Professional harmfulness
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History of professional diseases

• Information about the influence of work
  conditions to a health and about the existence of
  peculiarities of professional diseases meet yet
  in the works of Egyptian, ancient Greek and the
  Roman scientists (Aristotle, Hippocrates, Pleniy,
  Lucretsiy, Galen and others. - VI-IV century
  B.C.). In works of Hippocrates, that lived
  approximately in 577-450 B.C., described disease
  of miners, that proceeded with the severe
  breathlessness.

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HIPPOCRATES
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ARISTOTLE
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• In the ?V? century the works, in which was
  indicated to the professional diseases of that
  time, were known. In 1556 there was known the
  work of Agricola, devoted to disease of miners.
  In 1567 there was issued the work of Pretzels
  "About mountain scab and other mountain
  diseases". In the ?V?? century the works of
  Martin Pans and some more late of Stockhausen
  were published, which described the diseases of
  miners, and also the poisoning, that met at
  smelting of metals, including the intoxication by
  the mephitis of lead. However, the first work, in
  which systematically were laid out the questions
  of occupational hygiene of people of different
  professions with the description of the proper
  professional diseases, was the book of Italian
  scientific Bernardino Ramazzini, published in
  1700 under the name "About diseases of artisans".
  

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Bernardino Ramazzini (16331714)
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Bernardino Ramazzini (16331714)De Morbis
Artificum (Diseases of Workers)Padua, 1713
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• In the second half ??? and in the ?? century, in
  relation with development of great industry,
  professional morbidity grows sharply.
• Among the researchers that worked in the branch
  of professional pathology and authors of the most
  known manuals we can mark Shevale, Tankerel de
  Planshet, Cussmaul, Zenker, Galfort.
• In 1910 in Milan on a motherland of Ramazzini,
  the first specialized clinic of professional
  diseases, which exists to presently, was created

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Examination of working capacity and question of
rehabilitation at the professional diseases

• The purpose of periodic medical examination is
  the early detection of initial signs of
  professional diseases, and also timely detection
  of early forms of unprofessional diseases, at
  which subsequent work in the conditions of
  influence of the proper harmful factors of
  industrial environment is contra-indicated.

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General medical contraindications to admittance
on the work related to the dangerous harmful
substances and harmful industrial factors,
following

• 1.     Inherent anomalies of organs with the
  evident insufficiency of their functions.
• 2.     Organic diseases of the central nervous
  system with the stable evident dysfunction.
• 3.     Chronic psychical diseases.
• 4.     Diseases of the endocrine system with the
  expressed violations of functions.
• 5.     Malignant neoplasm.

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• 6.     All diseases of the system of blood and
  hematosis.
• 7.     Arterial hypertension of the ??? stage.
• 8.     Cardiovascular diseases with heart
  insufficiency.
• 9.     Respiratory diseases with the evident
  pulmonary-heart insufficiency.
• 10. Bronchial asthma of severe form with the
  evident disturbance of breathing and blood
  circulation.
• 11. Active forms of tuberculosis of any
  localization.
• 12. Stomach and duodenal ulcer with chronic
  recurrent course and susceptibility to
  complications.
• 13. Cirrhosis of liver and active chronic
  hepatitis.

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• 14. Chronic diseases of kidney with the kidney
  insufficiency.
• 15. Collagenosis.
• 16. Diseases of joints with the stable
  dysfunction.
• 17. Pregnancy and period of lactation.
• 18. Ordinary miscarriage and anomalies of fetus
  in anamnesis of women, which plan child-bearing.
• 19. Disturbance of menstrual function that is
  accompanied by the uterine bleeding.
• 20. Decompensated glaucoma.

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• The diagnosis of professional disease is
  determined according to the generally accepted
  nosologic forms of pathology and must represent a
  stage and course of pathological process, its
  expressiveness and localization, degree of
  functional disorders, peculiarities of clinical
  course, presence of complications and concomitant
  diseases.

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• Examination of working capacity at professional
  diseases includes three basic questions
  determination of diagnosis, determination of
  relation of disease with the influence of
  professional factors, estimation of patients
  working capacity.

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BENZENE POISONING
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Electron micrograph of benzene particles
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BENZENE POISONING
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Erythrocytes with Gaints corpuscles
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BENZENE POISONING Occupational Cataract
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