Title: ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO MONITOR THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
1ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO MONITOR THE
STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
- Khalilulla Sherimbetov,
- Project Task Manager
2In the international Conference Environment
for Europe in Kiev in May 2003, the
environmental ministers of 51 countries
(including Uzbekistan) have considered and
approved Guiding principles on preparation of
national environmental reports on state and
protection of nature prepared by UNECE Working
Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
- Special emphasis in this document was focused
upon a selection of the required environmental
indicators for an assessment of the state of the
environment
3The ultimate Project outcome
- To improve the quality of monitoring of the
environmental state for more effective
decision-making in the field of nature protection
as well as nature resources use, and performance
of the nature-conservative measures
4The main Project objectives
5Expected outputs
- An effective system of indicators created for
assessment of environment quality and nature
resources use and development of the
environmental monitoring system on this base. - Database developed and updated on a regular basis
in accordance with signed agreements between
Goskompriroda and generators/owners of desirable
ecological data. - Data are being managed effectively in order to
produce the products required by decision-makers
and other clients. - Good level of awareness by the clients achieved
about the availability of such tool to increase
effectiveness of their decision-making and other
activities to reduce negative consequences for
environment. - Improved public awareness and sensitivity on the
issues of the protection of environment.
6Usage of the Project outputs
- The environmental indicators database can
be used by interested ministries and other
organizations responsible for protection of the
environment and nature resources use for the
following - preparation of the State of Environment Reports
as well as other reports on nature protection and
nature resources use - fulfillment of obligations of the Republic of
Uzbekistan on various international environmental
conventions - development and realization of measures for
protection of environment - Economic and social development planning and
other strategic areas to provide a sustainable
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
7Creating of the national environmental indicators
of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- Key objective of the environmental indicators
system designed for Uzbekistan is to establish a
single national policy of the state of
environmental monitoring, improving efficiency of
relevant activities and environmental decision
making, and rational management of national
natural resources.
- The Republic of Uzbekistan is a participant of
the UNECE programme Environment for Europe. - Therefore, when selecting indicators, mainly ,
were only applied the criteria used by the UNECE
and EAOC experts for the EECCA countries.
8Criteria for the selection of the main core set
of indicators
- Linkage with country environmental priorities
- Linkage with international environmental
policy
- Importance as a mean of communications and for
informing public on the current state of the
environment
- Availability of historical series of data
(regular data flow)
9The core set of the national environmental
indicators
- In total 91 indicators were selected of which 68
indicators are from the international list of the
EECCA countries and 23 indicators describe the
specific environment of Uzbekistan
10The selected indicators were grouped according to
the following priority environmental problems and
economy sectors
- Atmospheric air 20
- Water resources 25
- Land resources 14
- Biological resources 6
- Waste 9
- Climate change 6
- Energy 4
- Taking into account the country specifics for
Uzbekistan the list of indicators was
supplemented with two sections related to Aral
Sea and public health - Aral sea - 2
- Public health - 5
11Introduction of every indicator is time bound and
it is agreed with the potential responsible party
- short-term indicators to be introduced as of
2005 - midterm indicators to be introduced as of
2007-2008 - long-term indicators to be introduced after 2010.
12THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Atmosphere air pollution
- Total emission of acidifying pollutants (SO2,
NOx) from non-mobile and mobile sources (total
and by sectors) - SO2 emissions, related to power generation
- N?? emissions, related to power generation
- SO2 emissions from non-mobile and mobile sources
(total and break-down by sectors) - Particulate matter emissions, related to power
generation - NH3 emissions (total and break-down by sectors)
- NOx emissions from non-mobile and mobile sources
(total and by sectors) - NOx, ?? emissions from mobile sources
- Particulate matter emissions from non-mobile and
mobile sources (total and break-down by sectors) - N?x emissions intensity, related to power
generation - SO2 emissions intensity, related to power
generation (Tons/KW per hour)
13THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Atmosphere
- Number of days when NO2 concentration in urban
areas is above the maximum allowed concentration
(regular/routine observations) - Number of days when particulate matter
concentration in urban areas is above the maximum
allowed concentration (regular/routine
observations) - Number of days when CO concentration in urban
areas is above the maximum allowed concentration
(regular/routine observations) - Number of days when SO2 concentration in urban
areas is above the maximum allowed concentration
(regular/routine observations) - Urban population exposed to air quality
axcceedances (e.g. multiplicity maximum allowed
concentrations or air pollution index) - Efficacy of measures aimed at SO2 and NOx
emissions abatement
14THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Climate change
- Consumption of Ozone Depletion Substances (ODS),
taking into account Ozone Depletion Capacity
(ODC) - Precipitation
- Snow cover
- Emissions of greenhouse gases and comparative
analysis with target indicators, provided that
any are available - Projected emissions of greenhouse gases by 2010
and comparative analysis with target indicators,
provided that any are available - River Flow Deficit Index
- Water level change (Aral sea)
15THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Water resources
- Total water consumption (including all types of
users) - Fresh water resources (surface and underground)
- Utilities water consumption
- Total integral water abstraction (surface and
underground water) - Agriculture water consumption
- (Index) of household drinking water consumption
per capita - Total volume of water resources in water
reservoirs - Industry water consumption
- Irreversible water loses (in agriculture)
- Proportion of reused water
16THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Water resources
- Quality of drinking water (proportion of samples
non-compliant with standard) - Organic matters discharge according to the
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - BOD and ammonia nitrogen in surface water
- Nutrients in surface waters (nitrates and
phosphates) - Nutrients discharge from urban sewerage treatment
facilities (nitrates and phosphates) - Proportion of urban raw sewerage in total urban
water discharge - Nitrates concentration in underground waters
- Industrial discharge of hazardous substances
- Hazardous substances concentration in surface
waters - Pesticides concentration in underground waters
- Other hazardous substances concentration in
underground waters - Water Pollution Index (WPI) classification
17THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Land
- Soil pollution by pesticides
- Proportion of agricultural land affected by wind
and water erosion - Agriculture land cover change
- Mineral fertilizer use
- Pesticides use
Biodiversity
- Total amount of protected natural zones
- Natural forests area
- Proportion of endangered species of animals
listed in the Red Book - Endangered species of plants listed in the Red
Book
18THE CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OFFERED
BY UNECE AND USED FOR UZBEKISTAN
Energy
- Total energy consumption by type of fuel
- Total power intensity (specific power consumption
per Gross Domestic Product GDP) - Renewable energy consumption
- Power generated from renewable energy sources
Waste
- Total amount of generated waste
- Toxic hazardous waste generation
- Industrial waste generation
- Cross-border transportation of hazardous waste
- Total waste disposal
- Waste generation intensity (total amount waste
per GDP) - Household waste generation
- Waste recycling
- Waste recycling output capacity
19THE ADDITIONAL CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL
INDICATORS FOR UZBEKISTAN
Atmosphere
- Total gross emission of pollutants including
- non-mobile sources,
- mobile sources
- Pollutant emission per capita (regular/ routine
observations in towns) - Atmospheric pollution in urban ( Atmospheric
Pollution Index)
Climate change
- Temperature deviation from climate baseline norm
(1961-1990)
20THE ADDITIONAL CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL
INDICATORS FOR UZBEKISTAN
Water resources
- Approved amount of underground water available
for consumption - Underground Water Pollution Index (UWPI)
Land
- Total agricultural land (including homestead and
irrigated land) - Irrigated land used for sowing
- Cotton crops capacity
- Compliance of crop rotation on irrigated land for
land reclamation - Quality of irrigated arable land
- Land subjected to under flooding
- Irrigated land salinization
- Pasture overgrazing
- Land radiation pollution
21THE ADDITIONAL CORE SET OF ENVIRONMENTAL
INDICATORS FOR UZBEKISTAN
Biodiversity
- Total forestry fund land area covered by forest
- Protective afforestation coverage
Aral sea
- Afforested dried seabed area
Public health
- Population morbidity
- Population mortality
- Morbidity rate for children under the age of 14
- Infant mortality (for children under the age of
1) - Non compliance of foodstuffs and raw food
materials with sanitation requirements SanPin N
0138-03, N 0109-01
22Methodology and scheme
A special methodology for defining the core set
of environmental indicators as well as the
description scheme for each of the selected
indicators were presented by the UN Commission on
Sustainable Development in its Indicators of
Sustainable Development Guidelines and
Methodologies", United Nations, New York, 2001.
On this basis the following description scheme of
the ecological indicators for Uzbekistan was
developed
- Title
- Brief definition
- Unit of measurement
- Purposes and usefulness in decision-making,
including the indicator role in DPSIR framework - International conventions and agreements in the
area, if available - International and national target indictors,
issue-specific standards and normatives, if
available - Framework
- Measurement methods
- Requirements to monitoring and data collection
- Difficulties and limitations
- Reference to national and international
databases, if available - Reference materials
- References corresponding publications
- This scheme is a basis for the development of the
document Guideline principles for the
application of the environmental indicators in
Uzbekistan
23All selected indicators enable to perform
environmental assessment and observe its dynamics
when monitoring the environment not only at
regional and national level but, and this is very
important, at local level. Tracing the
environmental situation at local level
facilitates a more reliable identification of the
specific sectors where the most critical
environmental situation lies, allowing the
drafting of targeted action plans for its
stabilization. The proposed environmental
indicators are the fundamental basis underpinning
environmental assessment, environmental policy
and decision making in Uzbekistan. It is also
possible to introduce changes and additions
during environmental monitoring, with the purpose
of dynamic and continuous improvement of the
system.
24Environmental Information Sharing
Data Providers
Dataset C
LAN Intranet Internet
Dataset D
Dataset B
Environmental Information Portal
Data Providers
Dataset A
Dataset N
Users ???
Examples the UNEP Geodata Portal
(http//geodata.grid.unep.ch/) the FAO GeoNetwork
(http//www.fao.org/geonetwork/)
25Conceptof theUzbekistan EIS
Data providers
Environmental Indicators for Uzbekistan
(91) Themes Atmosphere, Freshwater, Land,
Biodiversity, Waste Energy, Aral Sea, Climate
Change, and Public Health
Goskompriroda and UNDP Environment Programme
Web site (Http//eis.nature.uz)
Environmental Indicators Database
Users
Output options Table and Graph reports
- Search and query by
- Keyword
- Environmental theme
- Environmental Indicator
- Time
- Place
26Search Flow Mechanism
Data search range
Simple search by keyword (e.g. air, CO2
emissions, water) Advanced search allows
searching for keyword, environmental theme ,
environmental indicator, time, place.
Keyword
1
Dataset
List of matching datasets the search is narrowed
down to a dataset (single or aggregated).
2
Search is narrowed down according by time single
time unit (e.g. year) or time range (e.g. 1991,
1992 or 1990 to 2000).
Time
3
Data display is available in a number of formats
interactive table display, interactive graphic
display, data download. Search refine is also
possible.
Output options
4
27EIS Portal Entry Page
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