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The Era of Good Feelings (1816-1825)

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Title: The Era of Good Feelings (1816-1825)


1
The Era of Good Feelings (1816-1825)
2
The Era of Good Feelings
  • After the War of 1812, America experienced an
    Era of Good Feelings characterized by
  • An extremely popular president
  • The emergence of a 2nd generation of U.S. leaders
  • Dominance by the Republicans
  • A surge in nationalism that united the country
    improved U.S. industry transportation

3
Monroe as President
  • James Monroe was elected president in 1816 1820
    with a clear set of goals
  • To promote national unity
  • To promote Americas power in the world
  • Republican dominance of the presidency Congress
    helped push through a series of new laws

He appointed Democrats, Federalists, Southerners,
Northerners to his cabinet including Sec of
State John Q Adams
4
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5
The Great Triumvirate
  • By 1816, a wave of new leaders shaped the
    antebellum era
  • Henry Clay (Republican, KY)
  • Represented the West
  • Speaker of the House
  • Proponent of national economic
    development (American System"
    to promote industry
    markets for farmers)

6
The Great Triumvirate
  • By 1816, a new wave of leaders shaped the
    antebellum era
  • John C. Calhoun (Republican, SC)
  • Represented the South
  • Sec of War VP
  • He was the nation's leading
    proponent of states'
    rights -
  • embraced nullification

7
The Great Triumvirate
  • By 1816, a new wave of leaders shaped the
    antebellum era
  • Daniel Webster (Whig, MA)
  • Represented the North
  • Congressman Sec of State
  • Strong proponent of
  • Nationalism strong
  • critic of states' rights

While they did not always agree, this Great
Triumvirate of Clay, Calhoun, Webster
enthusiastically supported national economic
development
8
Politics After the War of 1812
  • The Dem-Repubs traditionally represented limited
    govt, states' rights, strict construction
  • But, without Federalist opposition, the
    Dem-Repubs adopted many traditionally Federalist
    policies
  • National economic development
  • A permanent army
  • Transportation improvements
  • A national university in D.C.

9
Henry Clays American System
All were proposed by Hamilton opposed by
Republicans in the 1790s
1st significant protective tariff in U.S. history
Jefferson let the charter of the 1st BUS expire
in 1811
  • Henry Clays American System in 1816 proposed the
    creation of
  • The 2nd Bank of the U.S. to stabilize U.S.
    currency
  • Tariff of 1816 to promote U.S. industry limit
    the importation of British manufactured goods
  • A natl system of roads canals
  • The American System helped unify North, South,
    West

Helped pave the way for future RR construction
western Indian removal
10
Judicial Nationalism
  • John Marshall (1801-1835) used the Supreme Court
    to strengthen the power of the national govt
  • Exerted the power of the national govt over the
    states
  • Rejected the claim that states could check powers
    of the national gov t
  • Affirmed the loose construction argument of the
    elastic clause

11
Judicial Nationalism
  • Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819) govt cannot
    interfere with contracts between private parties
  • McCullough v. Maryland (1819) Congress possesses
    powers not explicitly stated in Constitution
    Congressional laws are supreme to decisions made
    by the states
  • Gibbons v. Odgen (1824) interstate commerce is
    power reserved for national govt

12
Nationalist Foreign Policy
President Monroe Sec of State JQ Adams
developed a nationalist foreign policy agenda
The Convention of 1818 set the US/Canada border
set at the 49º
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) to avoid conflicts
along the Great Lakes, the U.S. agreed not to
take Canada Britain not to invade the U.S
13
Nationalist Foreign Policy
  • Monroe JQ Adams turned their attention to
    acquiring Florida
  • Andrew Jackson took it upon himself to end Indian
    attacks on Georgia from Spanish Florida
  • Jacksons military advances U.S. success in the
    War of 1812 helped force the Adams-Onis Treaty
    (1819) that ceded Florida Oregon to U.S.

Also, Spain assumed Florida would eventually be
annexed
U.S. agreed to pay Spain 5 million renounced
claims to Texas
14
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
15
Nationalist Foreign Policy
The U.S. will protect Latin American independence
  • When Latin American nations revolted against
    Spain, the U.S. supported the new republics
  • European powers disliked these liberal rebellions
    were tempted to re-conquer them
  • Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European nations to
    stay out of the Western Hemisphere the U.S.
    will not interfere in Europe

The U.S. will act independently will protect
its sphere of influence
16
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17
Sectionalism in the Era of Good Feelings
18
Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi
The end of the War of 1812 unleashed a rush of
pioneers into the western territories
Many settled in the West to escape
overpopulation, rising land prices, worn-out
soil in the East
The 2nd BUS made credit available for farmers to
purchase land
19
Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi
By 1810, 1/7th of the U.S. population lived in
the West By 1840 over 1/3rd lived in the West
Congress quickly admitted 5 states to the Union
Indiana (1816)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
20
Sectional Disputes
  • The Era of Good Feelings started with a wave of
    national unity, but sectional disputes between
    the North South emerged would dominate
    politics for next 40 years
  • Disagreed over the use of protective tariffs,
    especially when cotton prices fell in 1820s
  • Disagreed over slavery in the western territories
    states

21
Missouri Compromise
Population was growing more rapidly in North, so
House of Reps favored Northerners
  • In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood as a
    slave state revealed U.S. sectional rivalries
  • North resented Southern control of presidency
    its 3/5-inflated representation in House of Reps
  • South feared a Northern conspiracy to end all
    slavery
  • Equality had been maintained by alternating
    admission of free slave states added to the
    US

NY rep Tallmadge wanted Missouri only if its
state constitution provided for the gradual
elimination of slavery
22
American Slave Population, 1790-1820
23
Missouri Compromise (1820)
  • Missouri Compromise (1820)
  • Missouri became a slave state
  • Maine (which broke from Mass) was admitted as
    free state
  • Slavery was banned elsewhere in the Louisiana
    Purchase above the latitude of 3630'
  • The Missouri controversy exposed a deep rift
    between North South

24
Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821
25
Conclusions
  • The Era of Good Feelings led to
  • An improved American economy
  • Better transportation
  • More territory more clearly-defined borders
  • A foreign policy in Latin America
  • Butsectional problems between the North South

26
Discussion Questions
  • Both Alexander Hamilton John Marshall were
    Federalists who believed in a strong national
    govt. Who was more influential in shaping
    American history? Explain
  • Which policy will be more important in U.S.
    history Monroes foreign OR domestic policy?

27
  • Essential Question
  • How did U.S. foreign policy change from the
    presidencies of Washington to Monroe?
  • RQ Ch 10B (328-340)
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